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Принцеса Уельска Діана (англійською) (реферат)

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Принцеса Уельска Діана (англійською)

Death

The tragic death of Diana, Princess of Wales occurred on Sunday, 31
August 1997 following a car accident in Paris, France. The vehicle in
which the Princess was travelling was involved in a high-speed accident
in the Place de l’Alma underpass in central Paris shortly before
midnight on Saturday, 30 August. The Princess was taken to the La Pitie
Salpetriere Hospital, where she underwent two hours of emergency surgery
before being declared dead at 0300 BST. The Princess’s companion, Mr
Dodi Fayed, and the driver of the vehicle died in the accident, whilst a
bodyguard was seriously injured.

The Princess’s body was subsequently repatriated to the United Kingdom
in the evening of Sunday, 31 August by a BAe 146 aircraft of the Royal
Squadron. The Prince of Wales and the Princess’s elder sisters, Lady
Sarah McCorquodale and Lady Jane Fellowes, accompanied the Princess’s
coffin on its return journey. Upon arrival at RAF Northolt, the coffin,
draped with a Royal Standard, was removed from the aircraft and
transferred to a waiting hearse by a bearer party from The Queen’s
Colour Squadron of the RAF. The Prime Minister was among those in the
reception party.

From RAF Northolt the coffin was taken to a private mortuary in London,
so that the necessary legal formalities could be completed. Shortly
after midnight, it was moved to the HYPERLINK “../main/chroyal.htm”
Chapel Royal in St James’s Palace , where it lay privately until the
HYPERLINK “../main/funeral.htm” funeral on Saturday, 6 September, in
HYPERLINK “../main/wmabbey.htm” Westminster Abbey . The Princess’s
family and friends visited the Chapel to pay their respects.

Following the funeral service, the coffin then was taken by road to the
family estate at Althorp for a private interment. The Princess was
buried in sanctified ground on an island in the centre of an ornamental
lake

Childhood and teenage years

Diana, Princess of Wales, formerly Lady Diana Frances Spencer, was born
on 1 July 1961 at Park House near Sandringham, Norfolk. She was the
youngest daughter of the then Viscount and Viscountess Althorp, now the
late (8th) Earl Spencer and the Hon. Mrs Shand-Kydd, daughter of the 4th
Baron Fermoy. Earl Spencer was Equerry to George VI from 1950 to 1952,
and to The Queen from 1952 to 1954. Lady Diana’s parents, who had
married in 1954, separated in 1967 and the marriage was dissolved in
1969. Earl Spencer later married Raine, Countess of Dartmouth in 1976.

Together with her two elder sisters Sarah (born 1955), Jane (born 1957)
and her younger brother Charles (born 1964), Lady Diana continued to
live with her father at Park House, Sandringham, until the death of her
grandfather, the 7th Earl Spencer. In 1975, the family moved to the
Spencer family seat at Althorp (a stately house dating from 1508) in
Northamptonshire, in the English Midlands.

Lady Diana was educated first at a preparatory school, Riddlesworth Hall
at Diss, Norfolk, and then in 1974 went as a boarder to West Heath, near
Sevenoaks, Kent. At school she showed a particular talent for music (as
an accomplished pianist), dancing and domestic science, and gained the
school’s award for the girl giving maximum help to the school and her
schoolfellows. She left West Heath in 1977 and went to finishing school
at the Institut Alpin Videmanette in Rougemont, Switzerland, which she
left after the Easter term of 1978. The following year she moved to a
flat in Coleherne Court, London. For a while she looked after the child
of an American couple, and she worked as a kindergarten teacher at the
Young England School in Pimlico.

Marriage and family

On 24 February 1981 it was officially announced that Lady Diana was to
marry The HYPERLINK “wales.htm” Prince of Wales . As neighbours at
Sandringham until 1975, their families had known each other for many
years, and Lady Diana and the The Prince had met again when he was
invited to a weekend at Althorp in November 1977.

They were married at St Paul’s Cathedral in London on 29 July 1981, in a
ceremony which drew a global television and radio audience estimated at
around 1,000 million people, and hundreds of thousands of people lining
the route from Buckingham Palace to the Cathedral. The wedding reception
was at HYPERLINK “../palaces/bp.htm” Buckingham Palace

The marriage was solemnised by the Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Runcie,
together with the Dean of St Paul’s; clergy from other denominations
read prayers. Music included the hymns ‘Christ is made the sure
foundation’, ‘I vow to thee my country’, the anthem ‘I was glad’ (by Sir
Hubert Parry), a specially composed anthem ‘Let the people praise thee’
by Professor Mathias, and Handel’s ‘Let the bright seraphim’ performed
by Dame Kiri te Kanawa. The lesson was read by the Speaker of the House
of Commons, Mr George Thomas (the late Lord Tonypandy).

The Princess was the first Englishwoman to marry an heir to the throne
for 300 years (when Lady Anne Hyde married the future James II from whom
the Princess was descended). The bride wore a silk taffeta dress with a
25-foot train designed by the Emanuels, her veil was held in place by
the Spencer family diamond tiara, and she carried a bouquet of
gardenias, lilies-of-the-valley, white freesia, golden roses, white
orchids and stephanotis. She was attended by five bridesmaids including
HYPERLINK “margaret.htm” Princess Margaret’s daughter Lady Sarah
Armstrong-Jones (now Lady Sarah Chatto); Prince Andrew (now The
HYPERLINK “york.htm” Duke of York ) and HYPERLINK “edward.htm” Prince
Edward were The Prince of Wales’s supporters (a Royal custom instead of
a best man).

The Prince and Princess of Wales spent part of their honeymoon at the
Mountbatten family home at Broadlands, Hampshire, before flying to
Gibraltar to join the HYPERLINK “../faq/hmy.htm” Royal Yacht HMY
BRITANNIA for a 12-day cruise through the Mediterranean to Egypt. They
finished their honeymoon with a stay at Balmoral.

The Prince and Princess made their principal home at Highgrove House
near Tetbury, Gloucestershire, and shared an apartment in Kensington
Palace

The Princess of Wales had two sons. HYPERLINK “wales.htm” \l “WILLIAM”
Prince William Arthur Philip Louis was born on 21 June 1982 and Prince
Henry (Harry) Charles Albert David on 15 September 1984, both at St
Mary’s Hospital, Paddington, in London.

The Princess had seventeen godchildren

In December 1992 it was announced that The Prince and Princess of Wales
had agreed to separate. The Princess based her household and her office
at Kensington Palace, while The Prince was based at St James’s Palace
and continued to live at Highgrove.

In November 1995, the Princess gave a television interview during which
she spoke of her unhappiness in her personal life and the pressures of
her public role. The Prince and Princess were divorced on 28 August
1996.

The Prince and Princess continued to share equal responsibility for the
upbringing of their children. The Princess, as the mother of Prince
William (second in line to the throne), continued to be regarded as a
member of the Royal family. The Queen, The Prince and The Princess of
Wales agreed that the Princess was to be known after the divorce as
Diana, Princess of Wales, without the style of ‘Her Royal Highness’ (as
the Princess was given the style ‘HRH’ on marriage she would therefore
be expected to give it up on divorce).

The Princess continued to live at Kensington Palace, with her office
based there.

After her marriage, The Princess of Wales quickly became involved in the
official duties of the Royal family. Her first tour with The Prince was
a three-day visit to Wales in October 1981. In 1983 she accompanied The
Prince on a tour of Australia and New Zealand, and they took the infant
Prince William with them. Prince William, with Prince Harry, again
joined The Prince and Princess at the end of their tour to Italy in
1985. Other official overseas visits undertaken with The Prince included
Australia (for the bicentenary celebrations in 1988), Brazil, India,
Canada, Nigeria, Cameroon, Indonesia, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal and
Japan (for the enthronement of Emperor Akihito). Their last joint
overseas visit was to South Korea in 1992.

The Princess’s first official visit overseas on her own was in September
1982, when she represented The Queen at the state funeral of Princess
Grace of Monaco. The Princess’s first solo overseas tour was in February
1984 when she travelled to Norway to attend a performance of Carmen by
the London City Ballet, of which she was patron. The Princess
subsequently visited many countries including Germany, the United
States, Pakistan, Switzerland, Hungary, Egypt, Belgium, France, South
Africa, Zimbabwe and Nepal.

Although the Princess was renowned for her style and was closely
associated with the fashion world, patronising and raising the profile
of younger British designers, she was best known for her charitable
work.

During her marriage, the Princess was president or patron of over 100
charities. The Princess did much to publicise work on behalf of homeless
and also disabled people, children and people with HIV/Aids. In December
1993, the Princess announced that she would be reducing the extent of
her public life in order to combine ‘a meaningful public role with a
more private life’.

After her separation from The Prince, the Princess continued to appear
with the Royal family on major national occasions, such as the
commemorations of the 50th anniversary of VE (Victory in Europe) and VJ
(Victory over Japan) Days in 1995.

Ballet, Leprosy Mission and National Aids Trust, and as President of the
Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street and of the Royal Marsden
Hospital. In June 1997, the Princess attended receptions in London and
New York as previews of the sale of a number of dresses and suits worn
by her on official engagements, with the proceeds going to charity.

The Princess spent her 36th and last birthday on 1 July 1997 attending
the Tate Gallery’s 100th Anniversary celebrations. Her last official
engagement in Britain was on 21 July, when she visited Northwick Park
Hospital, London (children’s accident and emergency unit).

In the year before her death, the Princess was an active campaigner for
a ban on the manufacture and use of land mines. In January 1997, she
visited Angola as part of her campaign. in June, the Princess spoke at
the landmines conference at the Royal Geographical Society in London,
and this was followed by a visit to Washington DC in the United States
on 17/18 June to promote the American Red Cross landmines campaign
(separately, she also met Mother Teresa in The Bronx).

The Princess’s last public engagements were during her visit to Bosnia
from 7 to 10 August, when she visited landmine projects in Travnic,
Sarajevo and Zenezica.

It was in recognition of her charity work that representatives of the
charities with which she worked during her life were invited to walk
behind her coffin with her family from St James’s Palace to Westminster
Abbey on the day of her funeral.

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