Реферат на тему:
Museums and art galleries.
Millions people al over the world spend their holidays visiting
museums and art galleries. They visit them to see new things, to know
more about other countries, their traditions, about history and even
future of the mankind. There are different type of museums : historical,
military The Tower of London is a historical museum. It is the oldest
palace, fortress and prison in Europe. It’s also one of the most popular
museums nowadays. The great central tower, the White tower was built
around 1090 by William the Conqueror on the site of a Roman fort built
there more than 1000 years earlier. Massive defensive walls and other
towers were added later. Through the centuries, the Tower of London has
been a citadel, a palace, a prison for offenders against the State, the
home of the Mint, the treasury for the Crown Jewels, a menagerie, and
the first Royal observatory. Three queens of England have been beheaded
within its walls. The Tower’s guardians are the Yeomen Warders who wear
splendid scarlet and gold uniforms dating back to Henry VII’s time.
Sir Hans Sloane was a great collector. He filled his house with rare
books and pictures, precious stones, stuffed animals, birds and
butterflies, and ancient remains from all over the world. There had
never been a collection quite like it , and visitors were amazed by what
they saw. When Sir Hans Sloane died in 1753, his wife let the King buy
the whole collection for just 20 000 pounds so that it could belong to
the nation for ever. This was the start of the British Museums. It took
thirty years and thousands of tons of stone to complete the building and
the forty-four massive columns which decorated the front. The building
of the British Museums was finished in 1948. The state Tretyakov
Gallery is one of the best-known picture galleries in the world. It
takes its name from its founder Pavel Tretyakov, a Moscow merchant and
art connoisseur. In the mid-19th century, Tretyakov began to collect
Russian paintings. He visited all the exhibitions and art studios and
bought the best pictures of contemporary artists. Little by little
Tretyakov extended his range of interest and began to collect earlier
Russian paintings. More than once he had to add wings to his house,
because his collection grew larger and larger. In 1881 Pavel Tretyakov
opened his collection to the public. 11 years later he donated it to the
city of Moscow. Since then the gallery has received hundreds of pictures
from other museums and private collection. Today the Tretyakov gallery
is not only Russia’s biggest and most important museums of Russian art,
it is also a research, cultural and educational center.
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