OE?A?INUeEA AEAAeAI?ss AA?A?IEO IAOE
?INOEOOO AEIIA?AAeO ? AEIA “IAAA?A*”
AAAAE?IA I?ia A?eoi??aia
OAeE 663.253.4::541.182.019.474
CAEIIII??IINO? OI?IOAAIIss IAI?IOIEO
EIEI?AeIEO IIIOOI?IUe AEI ? ?IC?IAEA
IAOIAeO ?O I?IAIICOAAIIss
05.18.07 – Oaoiieia?y i?iaeoeo?a a?iae?iiy
A A O I ? A O A ? A O
aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy
eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
sseoa – 1999
Aeena?oaoe?y ? ?oeiienii.
?iaioa aeeiiaia i?ioyaii 1995-1999 ??. a ?inoeooo? aeiia?aaeo ? aeia
“Iaaa?a/”, OAAI.
Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
*O?N?IA IEUeAA IEAEN??AIA,
?A?A “Iaaa?a/”,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee
a?aeae?eo o?i?? ? a?io?i?? aeia
Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?
OIEUeOe-EOEEEIA ?AAAI IAAEIAE*,
E?einueeee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,
i?ioani? eaoaae?e oaoiieia?? ?
caa??aaiiy
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo i?iaeoeo?a
eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio
EIOO? IEEIEA O?ENAIIAE*,
Iaeanueeee n?eueneiainiiaea?nueeee
?inoeooo,
aeioeaio eaoaae?e aeiia?aaea?noaa ?
aeii?ianoaa
I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Oe?a?inueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao
oa?/iaeo oaoiieia?e, eaoaae?a
a?ioaoiieia??
i?iaeoeo?a a?iae?iiy, aeno?aeo?a oa
iaii?a,
I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Ee?a
Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny _________________ 1999 ?ieo i ____ aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 53.365.02 a ?inoeooo? aeiia?aaeo ?
aeia “Iaaa?a/”, OAAI, ca aae?anith: 334200, Aaoiiiiia ?anioae?ea E?ei,
i. sseoa, aoe. E??iaa, 31.
C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a a?ae?ioaoe? ?inoeoooo aeiia?aaeo
? aeia “Iaaa?a/”.
Aaoi?aoa?ao aeena?oaoe?? ?ic?neaiee “___” ____________ 1999 ?.
A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee,
aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,
noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee sseooeia I.A.
CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE
Aeooaeuei?noue ?iaioe. Iaeiei c aeooaeueieo caaaeaiue aeii?iaii? aaeoc?
? i?aeaeuaiiy yeino? i?iaeoeoe??, ui aeionea?oueny. Iaiao?aei?noue
ca?eueoaiiy aa?aio?eieo oa?i?i?a noaa?eueiino? aei a oiiaao no/anii?
aeiiii?ee ? aeoiaeo Oe?a?ie ia i?aeia?iaeiee ?eiie aeiaaa? ?ic?iaee
a?eueo oi/ieo ? aeinoia??ieo niinia?a eiio?ieth ?o ?iceeaino?eeino?.
Na?aae iiiooi?iue aei o?ceei-o?i?/iiai oa?aeoa?o aaaeeeaa i?noea
caeiathoue iiiooi?iiy eiei?aeii? i?e?iaee, o oi?ioaaii? yeeo, ca?aeii c
aeaieie a?o/eciyieo ? caei?aeiiieo a/aieo (A.A.Aaeoeei;
I.I.Aeaooiaoa?e?; A.?.C?i/aiei; I.I.Iaaeaiei; A.I.?aeia; A.I.Caai?oeei,
?.A.Iai?eeyi; A.A.Iai?eeyi; A.?.Aeueyo?; T.Somers; L.Usseglio-Tomasset;
J.Glories; H.Oh) aieiaio ?ieue a?ae?a?athoue ye ie?ai? aenieiiieaeoey?i?
niieoee, oae ? ?o eiiieaene. ?acii c oei, ia nueiaiaei?oi?e aeaiue
iaaeinoaoiuei aea/aieie ? i?ioeane oi?ioaaiiy o aeiao iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue, a oaeiae ye?niee ? e?euee?niee neeaae
eiiiiiaio?a, ui a?aeiia?aeathoue ca ?o aeieeiaiiy. Oea nooo?ai
oneeaaeith? ?ic?iaeo niinia?a i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? aei aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue, ye? aeicaieythoue aeaoe iaiao?aei?
aa?aio?? yeino? ia aanue ?aaeaiaioiaaiee oa?i?i caa??aaiiy
aeiii?iaeoeoe??.
Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iaoith oe??? ?iaioe ? ?ic?iaea iaoiaeo
i?iaiicoaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue i?oeieo aei ia i?aenoaa?
aea/aiiy o?ainoi?iaoe?? eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a.
Caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy: aea/eoe neeaae oa o?ceei-o?i?/i? aeanoeaino?
a?iiie?ia??a, ye? a?aeiia?aeaeuei? ca iai?ioi? eiei?aei? iiiooi?iiy oa
anoaiiaeoe caeiiii??iino? ?o o?ainoi?iaoe??; aeine?aeeoe aieea
oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a ae?iaieoeoaa aeiiiaoa??ae?a ia oi?ioaaiiy ?o
noeeueiino? aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue; ?ic?iaeoe iaoiae
i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? i?oeieo aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue ? i?iaanoe eiai ae?iaie/o ai?iaaoe?th.
Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia ?iaioe
aoiaeeoue aei ieaio iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o ?A?A “Iaaa?a/” (N aea?ae.
?a?no?aoe?? 0196UI103242).
Iaoeiaa iiaecia ?iaioe. Anoaiiaeaii, ui o oi?ioaaii? iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue i?oeieo aei aa?a o/anoue eiiieaen a?iiie?ia??a,
aei neeaaeo yeiai aoiaeyoue iecueeiiieaeoey?i? a?eee, ie?aiia?i? oi?ie
oaiieueieo ?a/iaei oa iie?naoa?eaee. C’yniaai? caeiiii??iino? eiai
o?ainoi?iaoe??, ye? iieyaathoue a ci?i? ai?noo ? nooiaiy ieeneaiino?
oaiieueiiai eiiiiiaioo, oa ia ?o i?aenoaa? cai?iiiiiaaiee iiaee i?aeo?ae
aei ioe?iee noaa?eueiino? aei. Anoaiiaeaii, ui oaoiieia?/i? i?eeiie
ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a, ui ?ioaineo?eothoue ieeneaiiy,
aaaeooue aei ca?eueoaiiy noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
I?aeoe/ia cia/ei?noue. ?ic?iaeaii iaoiae i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eue-iino?
aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue (Iaoaio Oe?a?ie N 22903 A a?ae
05.05.98), yeee ai?iaiaaii i?ioyaii 1995-1998 ?ie?a a oiiaao AAI
“Iacnaiae?a”, ?iea?iainueeiai caaiaeo ia?i/ieo aei, AO “Cieioa aaeea” oa
“Aaoon”, ia’?aeiaiiy “Iaeanaaeii?ii”, ?/c “Noa?ie?einueeee”. Iaoiae
aeeeaaeaii a Iaoiaee/ieo aeac?aeao “Ii?aaeaeaiea neeiiiinoe aei e
iiiooiaieyi oeceei-oeie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a”, caoaa?aeaeaieo OAAI 05.09.97,
? ?aeiiaiaeiaaii aei oe?ieiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ia aeii?iaieo
i?aei?e?inoaao aaeoc?.
Ai?iaaoe?y ?iaioe. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue iia?aeiieaii ia
can?aeaiiyo A/aii? ?aaee ?inoeoooo aeiia?aaeo ? aeia “Iaaa?a/”
(1996-1999 ??.), eiioa?aioe?yo iieiaeeo a/aieo (Iineaa-sseoa, 1997 ?.;
sseoa, 1998 ?.), eo?nao oaoiio?i?/iiai oa i?e?ia?ieia?/iiai eiio?ieth,
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo ia?aaeao niaoe?ae?no?a aaeoc? (Oa?nii, 1997 ?.,
I?inuee, 1997 ?., sseoa, 1998 ?.), iaoeiai-oaoi?/i?e ?aae?
“Oe?naaeaeii?iio” (Ee?a, 1997, 1998 ??.)
Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iioae?eiaaii 7 i?aoeue.
Ia’?i oa no?oeoo?a ?iaioe. Aeena?oaoe?y aeeeaaeaia ia 116 noi??ieao
iaoeiiieniiai oaenoo, neeaaea?oueny c anooio, o?ueio ?icae?e?a,
aeniiae?a, i?noeoue 21 oaaeeoeth ? 25 ?enoie?a, nienie aeei?enoaii?
e?oa?aoo?e i?noeoue 180 iaeiaioaaiue, ia? 8 aeiaeaoe?a.
IA’?EOE ? IAOIAeE AeINE?AeAEAIUe
Ia’?eoaie aeine?aeaeaiue aoee i?oei? aeiiiaoa??aee c aeiia?aaeo ni?o?a
?eaoeeoae?, Eaaa?ia-Niaeiueii, Iaeanueeee /i?iee, Ia?ei, Naia?aa?, ye?
ae?iaeai? a ?aaeaini-caaiae? “Aeiia?aaeiee” a oiiaao ae?iaieoeoaa oa
i?e?iaeii?ianoaa c aeei?enoaiiyi ??cieo oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a;
i?aeeia?i? oa ia?i/i? e??ieai? aeiiiaoa??aee ? aeia ?iea?iainueeiai
caaiaeo ia?i/ieo aei (?CIA) oa AAI “Iannaiae?a”.
Noaia aenia?eiaioo ia?aaeaa/aea: i?iaaaeaiiy noaiaea?oieo aiae?c?a aei
ca?aeii c ii?iaoeaiith aeieoiaioaoe??th ? aecia/aiiy ?o o?ceei-o?i?/ieo
iieaciee?a; aei?iaoaaiiy noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a ? aei aei iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue; aeae?eaiiy eiiieaen?a a?iiie?ia??a, ye?
a?aeiia?aeathoue ca oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue, aea/aiiy
?o neeaaeo ? o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae; caeeaaeaiiy ia eiio?ieueia
caa??aaiiy aeiiiaoa??ae?a aeey anoaiiaeaiiy oa?i?i?a ?o oaeoe/ii?
noaa?eueiino?; aecia/aiiy neeaaeo inaae?a, ye? aeae?eai? c i?oeieo
aeiiiaoa??ae?a.
Aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a, yeee a?aeiia?aea? ca
oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue, aeei?enoiaoaaee niin?a eiai
aeae?eaiiy ca aeiiiiiaith ?iiiiai?iii? o?iiaoia?ao?? (Ii?aiei, 1997).
Aecia/aiiy nooiaiy ieeneaiino? oaiieueieo ?a/iaei o aeiiiaoa??a-eao oa
eiiieaen? a?iiie?ia??a cae?enithaaee ca aeiiiiiaith iaoiaea
iioai-oe?iiao?e/iiai oeo?oaaiiy, a iniiao yeiai aoea iieeaaeaia
iaoiaeeea V. Schneider (1989), iiaeeo?eiaaia A.A. Aa?aeeeiaith ? ni?a?.
(1998).
Aeey anoaiiaeaiiy iieaeoey?ii? iane a?ee?a o aeiiiaoa??aeao ? aeiao
aeei?enoiaoaaee aeaeo?ioi?ac a iie?ae??eai?aeiiio aae? (IAAA)
(C?iueeaae/, 1992; Ii?aiei, 1997). Aeine?aeaeaiiy o?aeoe?eiiai neeaaeo
oaiieueieo eiiiiiaio?a eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a cae?enithaaee ca
aeiiiiiaith aaeni?aoe?eii? o?iiaoia?ao?? (A?iaioii, 1994).
Ioe?ieo aieeao iieaeoey?ii? iane i?ioa?i?a ia oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue i?iaiaeeee oeyoii aianaiiy o aeii a?ee?a ??cii?
iieaeoey?ii? iane: e?cioeeio (14000 Aea), o?eineio (25000 Aea), y?/iiai
aeueaoi?io (43000 Aea), ae/a/iai neai?ioeiaiai aeueaoi?io (67000 Aea).
Aeey anoaiiaeaiiy ?ie? iie?naoa?eae?a o oi?ioaaii? iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue o aeiiiaoa??aee aiineee ??ci? ?a/iaeie aoaeaaiaeii? i?e?iaee
(ao?yeiaee, yaeo/iee, niiyoieeiaee, oeeo?oniaee iaeoeie, aeaeno?aie c
??ciith iieaeoey?iith ianith, aoi?a?aa?e, aetheiiaiai).
I?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeo i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? aei aei iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue aei?iaoaaee oae? ?aaaaioe: ia?ieneae aiaeith oa
aaeioai?i a ??cieo niieo/aiiyo, a?ae?ieneae iao??th.
Aei??thaaiiy iooiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a ? aei cae?enithaaee ca aeiiiiiaith
iooiii??a /e oioiaeaeo?ieiei?eiao?a, a?aeeae?a?iaaiiai ca noniaic??th
oi?iaceio.
Aeinoia??i?noue aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo caaacia/oaaeanue i?iaaaeaiiyi
aeine?ae?a ia iaioa, i?ae o 3 iiaoi?iinoyo, iaoiaeaie iaoaiaoe/ii?
noaoenoeee, ei?aeyoe?eiiai ? ?aa?an?eiiai aiae?co c aeei?enoaiiyi
iaeao?a i?ia?ai NI?LOT, SuperCalc ? Harvard Grafics.
?ACOEUeOAOE AeINE?AeAEAIUe OA ?O IAAIAI?AIIss
Aea/aiiy neeaaeo eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a, yeee a?aeiia?aea?
ca oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
I?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy iieacaee, ui iii?oia cieaeaiiy noeeueiino?
aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue niinoa??aa?oueny i?e
ia?iaoe? ?o ?iiiiai?iieie niieaie c aenieei ai?noii ea?aieneeueieo a?oi.
A?aei?/aii, ui i?e oeueiio a?aeaoaa?oueny ni?aoe?y a?eea ? ca’ycaieo c
iei a?iiie?ia??a aoaeaaiaeii? ? oaiieueii? i?e?iaee. Oea na?ae/eoue i?i
i?ia?aeio ?ieue eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a o oi?ioaaii? iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue aei (oaae. 1).
Oaaeeoey 1 – O?i?/iee neeaae eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a i?oeieo
aeiiiaoa??ae?a
C?acie
Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y,
ia/aei3 Ni?aa?aeiioaiiy o neeaae? eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a a?eee :
oaiieuei? ?a/iaeie :
a?ee?a oaiieueieo
?a/iaei iie?naoa-
?eae?a iie?naoa?eaee
Ii?oaaei
/a?aiiee
15,4
16,6
14,0
1 : 1,08 : 0,91
Ii?oaaei
a?eee
22,3
11,9
19,1
1 : 0,53 : 0,86
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iieaeoey?i? iane a?ee?a, ye? aoiaeyoue aei eiiieaeno
a?iiie?ia??a /a?aiieo ? a?eeo i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a, ciaoiaeyoueny a
?ioa?aae? cia/aiue 14000-43000 Aea. A neeaae? inaae?a, ui aeae?eai? c
aeiiiaoa??ae?a ia oieiae?, aoee ciaeaeai? ia?aaaaeii iecueeiiieaeoey?i?
o?aeoe?? a?ee?a (14000 Aea).
sse?niee ? e?euee?niee aiae?c oaiieueiiai eiiiiiaioa eiiieaeno
a?iiie?ia??a na?ae/eoue i?i ia?aaaaeaiiy ie?aiia?ieo oi?i, ye?
neeaaeathoue, a na?aaeiueiio, 90 % a?ae caaaeueiiai ai?noo oaiieueieo
?a/iaei (oaae. 2). Aiaeia?/i? ?acoeueoaoe aoee iaea?aeai? i?e aiae?c?
inaae?a, ye? aeae?eai? c aeia ia oieiae?. Oea aeicaieeei c?iaeoe
aeniiaie i?i oa, ui oaiieueiee eiiiiiaio eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a, yeee
a?aeiia?aea? ca iai?ioi? eiei?aei? iiiooi?iiy, neeaaea?oueny c
ie?aiia?ieo iio?aeieo oeaaiii?aeii? i?e?iaee.
Iayai?noue iie?naoa?eae?a o neeaae? eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a ni?aiaaea? c
aeoieith, ui caoaa?aeeeany a e?oa?aoo??, i?i ae?eii?ioa?iiao i?e?iaeo
a?ee?a aeiia?aaeo (I?iaeaaeca (Ethaa?aae/), 1979; Iaaeaiei, 1981; ?aeia,
1987).
Oaaeeoey 2 – O?aeoe?eiee neeaae oaiieueieo ?a/iaei
eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a
O?aeoe?? oaiieueieo ?a/iaei *anoea a?ae caaaeueiiai ai?noo oaiieueieo
?a/iaei a eiiieaen? a?iiie?ia??a, %
ii?oaaei a?eee ii?oaaei /a?aiiee
Ie?aiia?i? oi?ie 93,2 86,5
Iiiiia?i? oi?ie – 7,1
Oaiieea?aiiia? eeneioe
6,8
6,4
Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo aeaieo, a oaeiae a?aeiiinoae, ye? ? a e?oa?aoo??
(Ii?aiei, 1997), aeicaieeee aeyaeoe aieiai? iniaeeaino? eiiieaen?a
a?iiie?ia??a o i?oeieo ? noieiaeo aeiiiaoa??aeao. Anoaiiaeaii, ui aei
neeaaeo eiiieaen?a a?iiie?ia??a, ye? a?aeiia?aeaeuei? ca oi?ioaaiiy
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue a noieiaeo ? i?oeieo aeiao aoiaeyoue a?eee,
oaiieuei? ?a/iaeie ? iie?naoa?eaee. Eiiieaen a?iiie?ia??a i?oeieo aei
i?noeoue a?eee c iieaeoey?iith ianith 14000-43000 Aea c ia?aaaaith
iecueeiiieaeoey?ieo o?aeoe?e ? ie?aiia?i? oi?ie oaiieueieo ?a/iaei.
Eiiieaen a?iiie?ia??a noieiaeo a?eeo aei a?ae??ciy?oueny aaeeeei
nooiaiai a?aeiiaethaaiino? oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioo, a oaeiae a?eeaie c
a?eueo oe?ieei ae?aiaciiii aa??thaaiiy iieaeoey?ieo ian (14000-65000
Aea).
I?ae /an aea/aiiy aieeao i?ioa?i?a ia oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue a i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??aeao anoaiiaeaii cieaeaiiy ?o noeeueiino?
aei iiiooi?iue c? ca?eueoaiiyi iieaeoey?ii? iane a?ee?a, ye? aiinyoueny
(oaae. 3). Iaeneiaeuei? cia/aiiy iooiino? a?aei?/ai? o aa??aioao c
aeei?enoaiiyi e?cioeeio ? o?eineio. Aeine?aeaeaiiy aieeao
aenieiiieaeoey?ieo aoaeaaiae?a ia noaa?euei?noue i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a
aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue iieacaei ciaioaiiy cia/aiue
iooiino? o oano?, yea iaoiiaeaia iayai?noth “caoenieo” aeanoeainoae
iie?naoa?eae?a (oaae. 4). I?e oeueiio iaea?eueo iii?oiee aoaeo
anoaiiaeaii aeey aoi?a?aa?ea. Iaea?aeai? ?acoeueoaoe i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue
aeai? A.?. C?i/aiea (1978), I.N. Iaea?iaa (1978), AE. ??aa?i-Aaeiia ?
ni?a?. (1985), A.A. Aaeoeea ? ni?a?. (1987), ca?aeii c yeeie
iie?naoa?eaee, ui ? a?ae?io?eueieie eiei?aeaie, iiaeooue i?iyaeyoe
caoeni? aeanoeaino? oa ia?aoeiaeaeaoe i?ioeano aa?aaaoe?? eiei?aeieo
/anoeiie.
Oaaeeoey 3 – Aieea iieaeoey?ii? iane a?eea ia noeeuei?noue
aeiiiaoa??aeo aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
A?eee**
Iieaciee
Eiio-
?ieue* e?ci-
oeei o?ei-
nei y?/iee
aeueao-i?i ae/a/ee
neai?io-eiaee aeueaoi?i ae/a/ee neai?ioeiaee aeueaoi?i + y?/iee
aeueaoi?i + e?cioeei
Iieacaiiy
oanoo, o.i.
22,0
35,98
38,79
13,3
9,08
15,45
* – Ii/aoeiaa iooi?noue aeiiiaoa??aeo – 0,2 o.i.
** – Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y a?eea, ui aiineoueny – 40 ia/aei3
Oaaeeoey 4 – Aieea iie?naoa?eae?a ia noeeuei?noue aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
Cia/aiiy iooiino? oanoo, o.i.
Aianai? iie?naoa?eaee Ii?oaaei a?eee Aeana?oia a?ea Noieiaa
/a?aiia
Iaeoei ao?yeiaee 68,4 59,0 52,0
Iaeoei yaeo/iee 71,3 60,0 98,0
Iaeoei niiyoieeiaee 78,5 58,5 110,0
Iaeoei oeeo?oniaee 70,0 35,0 23,0
Aeaeno?ai, iieaeoey?ii? iane 20 000 Aea 72,5 64,0 110,0
Aeaeno?ai, iieaeoey?ii? iane 90 000 Aea 78,3 72,0 69,0
Aoi?a?aa?e 72,9 26,0 16,0
Aetheiiaiai 72,1 53,0 113,0
Eiio?ieue 84,6 64,0 149,0
Aea/aiiy ?ie? cae?ca o oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
aeicaieeei anoaiiaeoe, ui eiai ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y, a oaeiae noai
?ii?a iaoaeo a aeiiiaoa??ae? nooo?ai ia aieeaathoue ia iieacaiiy oanoo.
Oaeei /eiii, noeeuei?noue i?oeieo aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue iaoiiaeaia eiiieaenii a?iiie?ia??a ia iniia? a?ee?a c
iecueeith iieaeoey?iith ianith, ye? ca’ycai? c ie?aiia?ieie oi?iaie
oaiieueieo ?a/iaei ? iie?naoa?eaeaie.
Caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
i?ae /an ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a
Aiae?c o?ainoi?iaoe?? neeaaeo eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a aeiiiaoa-??ae?a o
i?ioean? oa?iieeniaai? ia?iaee aeicaieea anoaiiaeoe aeaye?
caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue (oaae. 5).
Oaeeaiiae?aiee oa?aeoa? noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei iiiooi?iue, yeee
aeyaeaiee i?ae /an ia?iaee, ca’ycaiee c e?euee?nieie ? ye?nieie ci?iaie
neeaaeo eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a. Ciaioaiiy ianiai? eiioeaio?aoe?? ye
naiiai eiiieaeno, oae ? ie?aieo eiai neeaaeiaeo iaoiiaeth? cieaeaiiy
noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??aeo aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue. I?e
oeueiio nooi?iue ieeneaiino? oaiieueieo ?a/iaei o neeaae? eiiieaeno
caeeoa?oueny aac ci?i. C?inoaiiy noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??aeo aei iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue iia’ycaia c i?aeaeuaiiyi ianiai? eiioeaio?aoe??
oaiieueieo ?a/iaei ? nooiaiy ?o ieeneaiino? o neeaae? eiiieaeno.
O?ii?aei? a?oie, ui ooai?ththoueny, ca’ycothoue non?aei? iieaeoee a?eea,
iaoiiaethth/e ca?eueoaiiy iieaeoey?ii? iane eiiieaeno oa cieaeaiiy eiai
aa?aaaoeaii? no?eeino? aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
Iaea?aeai? caeiiii??iino? ciaeoee nai? i?aeoaa?aeaeaiiy i?e ioe?ioe?
aieeao oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo aei ia noeeuei?noue
aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
Ii??aiyeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea noai aeno?aaoaaiiy, ui aeei?enoi-aothoueny
i?ae /an ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a, iieacaea, ui a?e?
aeiiiaoa??aee, ye? ae?iaeai? c nonea i?aniaeo o?aeoe?e, ? /a?aii?
aeiiiaoa??aee, ye? iaea?aeai? ianoithaaiiyi i’ycae aac noeueo?oaoe??,
oa?aeoa?ecoaaeenue a?eueo aenieeie cia/aiiyie iioe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee ?
/anoee iie?ia?ieo oi?i oaiieueieo ?a/iaei, a oaeiae noeeueiino? aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iniaeea?noth oa?iieeniaai? ia?iaee aeii-iaoa??ae?a o
i?enooiino? aeoaiai? eeaiee ? oaiaeaioe?y aei ca?eueoaiiy ianiaeo
eiioeaio?aoe?e oaiieueieo ?a/iaei oa ?o iie?ia?eciaaieo oi?i c
oaeeaiiae?aiei oa?aeoa?ii ci?ie noeeueiino? aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue.
Aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue o i?ioean?
ai/eiai? aeo?eiee a?eeo ? /a?aiieo i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??aeia AAI
“Ianaiae?a” oa ?CIA oaeiae i?iaeaiiino?oaaei oaeeaiiae?aiee oa?aeoa?
i?ioeano.
Oaaeeoey 5 – O?ainoi?iaoe?y neeaaeo eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a /a?aiiiai
i?oeiiai aeiiiaoa??aeo
a i?ioean? oa?iieeniaai? ia?iaee
Iaeiaioaaiiy iieacieea Aei oa?ii-eeniaai? ia?iaee O?eaae?noue
oa?iieeniaai? ia?iaee, aeiae I?ney oa?ii-
eeniaai?
ia?iaee
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
Ianiaa eiioeaio?aoe?y eiiieaeno, ia/aei3:
91,4
85,2
67,7
35,6
29,7
30,1
36,4
35,3
38,0
O oiio /ene?:
a?ee?a 31,0 29,3 15,6 15,3 15,0 15,5 14,5 14,5 15,0
oaiieueieo ?a/iaei 21,7 22,2 21,8 16,2 12,1 11,4 15,7 16,5 19,0
iie?naoa?eae?a 38,7 33,7 30,3 4,1 2,6 3,2 6,2 4,3 4,0
Oaeaee?noue oeo?oaaiiy, iA/oa
9,6
10,8
6,8
10,2
6,5
6,8
7,4
12,5
12,6
Iieacieee oanoo, o.i.
21,7
15,9
10,8
10,2
10,2
14,8
14,8
17,5
16,7
Oaeei /eiii, anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino? o?ainoi?iaoe?? eiii-eaeno
a?iiie?ia??a, yeee a?aeiia?aea? ca oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue i?ae /an ae?iaieoeoaa /a?aiieo aei. Aeyaeaii oaeeaiiae?aiee
oa?aeoa? oi?ioaaiiy iiiooi?iue, yeee iaoiiaeaiee e?euee?nieie ? ye?nieie
ci?iaie neeaaeo eiiieaeno. Oaoiieia?/i? i?eeiie ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo
aei, ye? ni?eythoue ieeneaiith, ca?eueoothoue ianiao eiioeaio?aoe?th ?
nooi?iue ieeneaiino? oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioa eiiieaeno ? i?aeaeuothoue
noeeuei?noue aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
3. ?ic?iaea iaoiaeo i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? aei aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
Ia i?aenoaa? aea/aiiy neeaaeo ? o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae eiiieaeno
a?iiie?ia??a i?oeieo aeiiiaoa??ae?a, a oaeiae anoaiiaeaiiy
caeiiii??iinoae eiai o?ainoi?iaoe?? o oiae? oaoiieia?/ieo i?ioean?a
?ic?iaeaii iaoiae i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a ? aei aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue. A ?ic?iaeai?e iaoiaeeoe?
ia?aaeaa/a?oueny aoai ?iaeoeiaaiiai ieeneaiiy i?iae aeiiiaoa??aeo aeey
ca?eueoaiiy nooiaiy ieeneaiino? oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioa eiiieaeno
a?iiie?ia??a. E?euee?nio ioe?ieo noeeueiino? aeia aei aeanoaa?e?caoe??
i?iaiaeyoue oeyoii iiaoi?iiai ioieiaeaeaiiy i?iae.
Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaa?oiooaaiiy niiniao ?ioaineo?eaoe?? ieenethaaeueieo
i?ioean?a o aeiao ? ia?aiao??a eiai ?aae?caoe?? i?noeoue aea??
iioeiaeueiiai oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio ? /ano oa?iinoaooaaiiy c?acea.
Aeey aeai?o oaiia?aoo?iiai ?aaeeio oa?iinoaooaaiiy i?iae c iaoith
?ioaineo?eaoe?? ieenethaaeueieo i?ioean?a o aei? i?iaiaeeee ca
oaiia?aoo? 35 iN, 50 iN, 60 iN. Ca cia/aiiyie iooiino? oanoo oaiia?aoo?a
50 iN aoea aea?aia ye iioeiaeueia. Iaeneiaeuei? cia/aiiy iooiino? aei ?
aeiiiaoa??ae?a a?aei?/ai? ca 15-aiaeeiii? aeniiceoe?? (?en. 1).
Aei?iaoaaiiy ieenethaaeueieo nenoai iieacaei, ui ?o aianaiiy o
aeiiiaoa??aee i?ecaiaeeoue aei i?e?inoo aaee/ei iioe/ieo oa?aeoa?enoee,
aea ia aeeeeea? nooo?aiai ca?eueoaiiy cia/aiue oanoo. Oiio a
cai?iiiiiaai?e iaoiaeeoe? noaae?y ?iaeoeiaaiiai ieeneaiiy eaa?eueieo
?a/iaei cae?nith?oueny oa?iinoaooaaiiyi i?iae ca oaiia?aoo?e 50 iN
i?ioyaii 15 aiaeei.
1 – Ii?oaaei /a?aiiee E?einueeee o?iaeath 1992 ?.
2 – Ii?oaaei ?iaeaaee “Aeoooa” o?iaeath 1996 ?.
3 – Ii?oaaei /a?aiiee “I?aaeaiiiaa?aaeiee” o?iaeath 1996 ?.
4 – Ii?oaaei a?eee E?einueeee o?iaeath 1996 ?.
5 – Neia’yinueea a?ea o?iaeath 1996 ?.
6 – Ii?oaaei a?eee o?iaeath 1995 ?.
?en. 1 – Caeaaei?noue iieaciee?a oanoo a?ae o?eaaeino?
oaieiaiai aieeao
E?euee?nio ioe?ieo ai?noo ianoaa?eueieo eiiieaen?a a?iiie?ia??a
i?iaiaeeee i?ney ioieiaeaeaiiy i?iae ca oaiia?aoo?e, aeecueei? aei
oaiia?aoo?e caia?caiiy aeia: i?ion 3-4 iN aeey noieiaeo aei, i?ion 7-8
iN aeey e??ieaieo aei. I?e iaa?oiooaaii? o?eaaeino? aeo?eiee i?iae ia
oieiae? anoaiiaeaii, ui ca 3 aiaeeie noeeuei?noue aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei
iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue aeinyaaea iaeneiaeueiiai ??aiy ? a
iiaeaeueoiio caeeoaeanue iaci?iiith (?en. 2). Oaeei /eiii,
cai?iiiiiaaiee iaie iaoiae i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a ?
aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue ia?aaeaa/a? ioieiaeaeaiiy i?iae
c?acea i?ioyaii 3 aiaeei aei oaiia?aoo?e, aeecueei? aei oaiia?aoo?e
caia?caiiy aeia, c ianooiiei eiio?ieai iooiino?. O aeiaaeeo iieaciee?a
oanoo, a?eueoeo 1 o.i. aeey a?eiai ? 4 o.i. aeey /a?aiiiai c?acea, aeii
a?aei?aaey?oueny ia aei?iaeo, a aeii, yea aeo?eiaei aei?iaoaaiiy,
oa?iinoaoo?oueny i?ioyaii 15 aiaeei ca oaiia?aoo?e 50 iN. Iio?i c?acie
iiaoi?ii ioieiaeaeothoue c ianooiiei aei??thaaiiyi iooiino?. Iaea?aeaia
a ?acoeueoao? oanooaaiiy cia/aiiy iooiino? i?aenoaaeythoue aei ??aiyiiy
aeaeo:
Y = A ( X2 + B ( X + C,
aea Y – noaa?euei?noue, i?nyoee.
O – iooi?noue, o.i.,
? ?ic?aoiaothoue i/?eoaaiee oa?i?i noaa?eueiino? aeiii?iaeoeoe??.
1- Ii?oaaei /a?aiiee E?einueeee o?iaeath 1992 ?.
2 – Ii?oaaei ?iaeaaee “Aeoooa” o?iaeath 1996 ?.
3 – Ii?oaaei /a?aiiee “I?aaeaiiiaa?aaeiee” o?iaeath 1996 ?.
4 – Ii?oaaei a?eee E?einueeee o?iaeath 1996 ?.
5 – Neia’yinueea a?ea o?iaeath 1996 ?.
6 – Ii?oaaei a?eee o?iaeath 1995 ?.
?en. 2 – Caeaaei?noue iieaciee?a oanoo a?ae o?eaaeino? aieeao oieiaeii
Aeia, cia/aiiy iooiino? yeeo ca ?acoeueoaoii oanooaaiiy ia?aaeuothoue 12
o.i. aeey a?eeo oa 100 o.i. aeey /a?aiieo ii?oaaei?a, aoaeooue
aeanoaa?e?ciaai? i?ioyaii i?nyoey. I?e iieacieeao oanoo, ye? ia
ia?aaeuothoue 1 o.i. aeey a?eeo oa 4 o.i. aeey /a?aiieo c?ace?a,
noaa?euei?noue aei aoaea caa??aaoeny i?ioyaii oa?i?i?a, ui ia?aaeaa/ai?
ii?iaoeaiith aeieoiaioaoe??th.
4. Ae?iaie/a ai?iaaoe?y iaoiaeo i?iaiicoaaiiy noeeueiino? aei
aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
?ic?iaeaiee iaoiae i?ieoia ai?iaaoe?th ia ae?iaie/eo c?aceao AAI
“Iannaiae?a”. Ioe?ieo noaa?eueiino? ca?aeii ?nioth/iai ?
cai?iiiii-aaiiai iaoiae?a i?iaiaeeee ia i?aeaioiaeaieo aei ?iceeao
e??ieaieo aeiao ??cieo oei?a (oaae. 6).
Oaaeeoey 6 – Ii??aiyeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea iaoiae?a aei?iaoaaiiy
noeeueiino? aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
Iaoiaee aei?iaoaaiue
Iaeiaio- ?nioth/ee ?ic?iaeaiee Oaeoe/ia
aaiiy
c?acea a?co-aeueia
ioe?iea ?ino?o-
iaioaeue-
ia ioe?iea, o.i. aenii-aie ?ino?o-
iaioaeue-ia ioe?iea,
o.i. i?iaiici-aaia noa-a?euei?noue, i?n. noaa?eue-i?noue, i?n.
Ii?oaaei a?eee E?einueeee i?ici-?ee
1,0 noa-a?eue-iee
7,0
3
3
Ii?oaaei a?eee No?iae
“
0
“
4,0
5
6
Eieo? aeana?oiee No?iae
“
0,5
“
3,5
5
5
Ii?oaaei
/a?aiiee
E?aaae?y
“
0
“
16,0
8
8
Ii?oaaei
/a?aiiee
E?aaae?y
“
1,5
“
34,0
7
6
Ii?oaaei
/a?aiiee
E?aaae?y
“
0,4
“
53,0
4
4
Ii?oaaei
/a?aiiee
E?einueeee
“
3,7
“
65,0
3
4
Aeaaoeei
Ath-Aeaa
“
2,0
“
92,0
2
2
Eaai?
I?aaeaiii-aa?aaeiee
“
0
“
17,0
10
12
Iaaea?a
Iannaiae?a
“
0,3
“
19,0
1
1
A ?acoeueoao? iaoaiaoe/ii? ia?iaee aeaieo aiae?co 62 c?ace?a aoee
?ic?aoiaai? eiao?oe??ioe A, A, N ??aiyiiy aeey aecia/aiiy noaa?eueiino?
a?eeo ? /a?aiieo e??ieaieo aei. Aeey a?eeo i?oeieo c?ace?a eiao?oe??io
ei?aeyoe?? i?ae iieacieeaie ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo ? oaeoe/iith
noaa?euei?noth neeaa (-0.92), aeey ?nioth/iai iaoiaeo — (-0,77).
E?euee?noue iaa?aoiaaieo oaeoi??a ca cia/aiiyie eiao?oe??ioo
aeaoa?i?iaoe?? (R2 = 0.85) aeey ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo neeaea 15 % , a
aeey ?nioth/iai — 41 % (?en. 3).
?en. 3 – Caeaaei?noue oa?i?i?a noaa?eueiino? a?eeo ii?oaaei?a a?ae
iieaciee?a ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo
Aei?iaoaaiiy, ye? aoee i?iaaaeai? ia /a?aiieo i?oeieo aeiao, aeicaieeee
anoaiiaeoe, ui eiao?oe??io ei?aeyoe?? i?ae iieacieeaie ?nioth/iai
iaoiaeo ? oaeoe/iith noaa?euei?noth neeaa (-0.73), oiae? ye aeey
?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo (-0.95). E?euee?noue iaa?aoiaaieo oaeoi??a
neeaei a?aeiia?aeii 46 ? 10 % (?en. 4).
Aeey aeana?oieo oa /a?aiieo noieiaeo aei aoee iaea?aeai? aiaeiai/i?
?acoeueoaoe.
?en. 4 – Caeaaei?noue oa?i?i?a noaa?eueiino? /a?aiieo ii?oaaei?a a?ae
iieaciee?a ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo
Oaeei /eiii, i?iaaaeai? aeine?aeaeaiiy aeicaieeee anoaiiaeoe aenieo
oi/i?noue ? aeinoia??i?noue ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo, yeee aeicaiey?
i?iaiicoaaoe oa?i?ie noaa?eueiino? aei. Iaoiae i?ieoia ae?iaie/?
aei?iaoaaiiy ia i?aei?e?inoaao aaeoc?, aeeth/aiee aei Iaoiaee/ieo
aeac?aie “Ii?aaeaeaiea neeiiiinoe aei e iiiooiaieyi oeceei-oeie/aneiai
oa?aeoa?a” ? ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee aeey oe?ieiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy.
AENIIAEE OA ?AEIIAIAeAOe?? AE?IAIEOeOAO
1. Anoaiiaeaii, ui o oi?ioaaii? iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue i?oeieo
aei aa?a o/anoue eiiieaen a?iiie?ia??a, aei neeaaeo yeiai aoiaeyoue
iecueeiiieaeoey?i? a?eee, ie?aiia?i? oi?ie oaiieueieo ?a/iaei oa
iie?naoa?eaee.
2. Oai?aoe/ii iaa?oioiaai? oa i?aeoe/ii i?aeoaa?aeaeai? caeiiii??iino?
oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue a i?oeieo aeiao, nooue yeeo
iieyaa? o e?euee?nieo oa ye?nieo ci?iao neeaaeo eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a.
Oaeoi?ii, ui aecia/a? o?ainoi?iaoe?th eiiieaeno, ? ca?eueoaiiy ai?noo oa
nooiaiy ieeneaiino? oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioo a eiai neeaae?.
3. Anoaiiaeaiee aieea oaoiieia?/ieo i?eeii?a ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo
aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue. Iieacaii,
ui ?ioaineo?eaoe?y ieenethaaeueieo i?ioean?a i?ae /an ia?a?iaee
aeiia?aaeo aaaea aei ca?eueoaiiy noeeueiino? aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei
iiiooi?iue. Oa?iieeniaaa ia?iaea oa ai/eiaa aeo?eiea aeiiiaoa??ae?a
iaoiiaeththoue oaeeaiiae?aiee oa?aeoa? i?ioeano.
4. Iaa?oioiaaii ia?aiao?e oa ?aaeeie iaoiaeo i?iaiicoaaiiy noaa?eueiino?
aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue. Iaoiae ia?aaeaa/a? noaae?th
oa?iinoaooaaiiy c?acea c ianooiiei eiai ioieiaeaeaiiyi.
5. ?ic?iaeaiee iaoiae i?ieoia ae?iaie/o ai?iaaoe?th ia i?aei?e?inoaao
aaeoci oa aeeeaaeaiee a Iaoiaee/ieo aeac?aeao “Ii?aaeaeaiea neeiiiinoe
aei e iiiooiaieyi oeceei-oeie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a”, caoaa?aeaeaieo OAAI.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaoiae aeicaiey? c aenieei nooiaiai aeinoia??iino? ia
o?eueee aeyaeoe noeeuei?noue aeiiiaoa??ae?a ? aei aei iai?ioieo
eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue, aea e i?iaiicoaaoe oa?i?ie noaa?eueiino? aei a
i?nyoeyo. Iaoiae ?aeiiaiaeiaaiee aei oe?ieiai ai?iaaaeaeaiiy ia
aeii?iaieo i?aei?e?inoaao aaeoc?.
N I E N I E ? I A ? O,
iioae?eiaaieo ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??
Niaa?oainoaiaaiea niiniaia iieo/aiey e?aieeo aeiiiaoa?eaeia / Iaiaoia
O.I., *o?neia I.A., Aa?aeeeiaa A.A., A?ieoeia I.A., Aaaaeeia I.A. //
Aeiia?aae e aeii ?innee. – 1998. – N 2. – N. 12-13.
Aa?aeeeiaa A.A., *o?neia I.A., Aaaaeeia I.A. Iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiue oano ia
neeiiiinoue aei e ia?aoeiui eieeieaeiui iiiooiaieyi // Aeiia?aae e aeii
?innee. – 1998. – N 6. – N. 22-23.
Aaaaeeia I.A., *o?neia I.A., Aa?aeeeiaa A.A. Oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aoeiuo
eieeieaeiuo iiiooiaiee i?e i?iecaiaenoaa e?aieeo aei / Eniieueciaaiea
aeinoeaeaiee nia?aiaiiie iaoee a aeiia?aaea?noaa e aeiiaeaeee: Na.
iao/iuo o?oaeia EAeA “Iaaa?a/”.- sseoa, 1998. o. 2. – N. 30-34.
?ac?aaioea oanoa ia ieeneeoaeueiia iiei?e/iaaaiea / *o?neia I.A.,
Aaaaeeia I.A., Oienoaiei Ae.I., A?ieoeia I.A. // Iao/ii-oaoie/aneee
i?ia?ann a aa?ieiaeono?ee: Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia. – I. – sseoa, 1997. – N.
74-75.
Iao. 22903 A Oe?a?ie, G01N 33/14. – Niinia ioeiiee eieiiaeii?
noaaieueiinoi aeia / Aaeoeei A.A., Aa?aeeeiaa A.A., *o?niia I.I.,
Ii?aaae O.I., *enoyeia A.O., Aaaaeiia I.A. – 05.05.98.
Iaoiaeu ii?aaeaeaiey ?iceeainoieeinoe aei: Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie /
Aa?aeeeiaa A.A., *o?neia I.A., Ieoaaaa E.A., ?oaeuoeia I.I., Aaaaeeia
I.A., Aieeiiaaeiaa I.A. – Neioa?iiieue, 1997. – N 34. – 3 n.
Oa?aeoa?enoeea eiiieaenia aeiiieeia?ia, ioaaonoaaiiuo ca iiiooiaiey
eieeieaeiiai oa?aeoa?a a aeiao: Eioi?iaoeeiiiue eenoie / *o?neia I.A.,
Ceiueeaae/ Y.E., Aaaaeeia I.A., Oienoaiei Ae.I., Aieeiiaaeiaa I.A. –
Neioa?iiieue, 1999. – N 37. – 4 n.
Aiiioaoeey
Aaaaeeia I.A. Caeiiiia?iinoe oi?ie?iaaiey ia?aoeiuo eieeieaeiuo
iiiooiaiee aei e ?ac?aaioea iaoiaea eo i?iaiice?iaaiey.
Aeenna?oaoeey (?oeiienue) ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
oaoie/aneeo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.18.07 – “Oaoiieiaey i?iaeoeoia
a?iaeaiey”.
Einoeooo aeiia?aaea e aeia “Iaaa?a/”. – sseoa, 1999 a.
Caueuaaony 7 iao/iuo ?aaio, eioi?ua niaea?aeao oai?aoe/aneea
enneaaeiaaiey a ?aoaiee i?iaeaiu i?iaiice?iaaiey eieeieaeiie
noaaeeueiinoe aeiii?iaeoeoeee.
I?iaaaeaiu oai?aoe/aneea e yenia?eiaioaeueiua enneaaeiaaiey ninoaaa e
oeceei-oeie/aneeo naienoa eiiieaena aeiiieeia?ia, ioaaonoaaiiiai ca
oi?ie?iaaiea ia?aoeiuo eieeieaeiuo iiiooiaiee a e?aieeo aeiao e
aeiiiaoa?eaeao.
N iiiiuueth iaoiaea yeaeo?ioi?aca a IAAA onoaiiaeaii, /oi a ninoaa
eiiieaena aeiiieeia?ia, ioaaonoaaiiiai ca ia?aoeiua eieeieaeiua
iiiooiaiey aoiaeyo ieceiiieaeoey?iua aaeee, ieeaiia?iua oi?iu oaiieueiuo
aauanoa e iieenaoa?eaeu. Onoaiiaeaiu caeiiiia?iinoe o?ainoi?iaoeee
eiiieaena aeiiieeia?ia i?e i?iecaiaenoaa e?aieeo aei, caeeth/athueany a
ea/anoaaiiuo e eiee/anoaaiiuo eciaiaieyo aai ninoaaa. N?aaieoaeueiay
oa?aeoa?enoeea noai yeno?aae?iaaiey, i?eiaiyaiuo i?e i?iecaiaenoaa
aeiiiaoa?eaeia oeia ii?oaaeia iieacaea, /oi aaeua aeiiiaoa?eaeu,
au?aaioaiiua ec nonea i?anniauo o?aeoeee e e?aniua aeiiiaoa?eaeu,
iieo/aiiua ianoaeaaieai iacae aac noeueoeoaoeee, oa?aeoa?eciaaeenue
aieaa aunieeie cia/aieyie neeiiiinoe e ia?aoeiui eieeieaeiui
iiiooiaieyi. Auyaeai aieiiia?aciue oa?aeoa? oi?ie?iaaiey ia?aoeiuo
eieeieaeiuo iiiooiaiee a i?ioeanna oa?iieenei?iaeiie ia?aaioee e
ai/eiaie auaea?aeee. I?iaaaeaia n?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea eiiieaenia
aeiiieeia?ia noieiauo e e?aieeo aei.
?ac?aaioai iaoiae ioeaiee neeiiiinoe aei e ia?aoeiui eieeieaeiui
iiiooiaieyi, iicaieythuee i?iaiice?iaaoue n?iee noaaeeueiinoe
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee. A ?ac?aaioaiiie iaoiaeeea i?aaeoniio?ai yoai
eiaeooee?iaaiiiai ieeneaiey i?iau aeiiiaoa?eaea, /oi iicaieeei
oaaee/eoue noaiaiue ieeneaiiinoe oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioa eiiieaena
aeiiieeia?ia. Yenia?eiaioaeueii iainiiaaiu ?aaeeiu e ia?aiao?u iaoiaea.
A ?acoeueoaoa iaoaiaoe/aneie ia?aaioee aeaiiuo iieo/aii o?aaiaiea,
io?aaeathuaa acaeiinaycue iieacaiee iaoiaea ni n?ieaie noaaeeueiinoe
aioiaie aeiii?iaeoeoeee, eiyooeoeeaiou eioi?iai auee eiie?aoece?iaaiu
aeey ioaeaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee io?anee. Onoaiiaeaiu eiyooeoeeaiou
ei??aeyoeee iaaeaeo iieacaieyie ?ac?aaioaiiiai iaoiaea e oaeoe/aneie
noaaeeueiinoueth aaeuo e e?aniuo e?aieaiuo aei, cia/aiey eioi?uo ia
ieaea 0.9. I?iaaaeaiiay i?iecaiaenoaaiiay ai?iaaoeey iaoiaea ia
aeiiaeaeue/aneeo i?aaei?eyoeyo io?anee iiaeoaa?aeeea aai aunieoth
yooaeoeaiinoue. Iaoiae aeeth/ai a Iaoiaee/aneea oeacaiey “Ii?aaeaeaiea
neeiiiinoe aei e iiiooiaieyi oeceei-oeie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a”,
ooaa?aeaeaiiua OAAI, e ?aeiiaiaeiaai aeey oe?ieiai aiaae?aiey.
Eeth/aaua neiaa: iaoiae i?iaiice?iaaiey, ia?aoeiua eieeieaeiua
iiiooiaiey, noaaeeueiinoue, iooiinoue, oano, aaeee, oaiieueiua aauanoaa,
iieenaoa?eaeu, eiiieaen aeiiieeia?ia, aeiiiaoa?eaeu.
Aiioaoe?y
Aaaae?ia I.A. Caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue
aei ? ?ic?iaea iaoiaeo ?o i?iaiicoaaiiy.
Aeena?oaoe?y (?oeiien) ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
oaoi?/ieo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 05.18.07 – “Oaoiieia?y i?iaeoeo?a
a?iae?iiy”.
?inoeooo aeiia?aaeo ? aeia “Iaaa?a/”. – sseoa, 1999 ?.
Caoeua?oueny 7 iaoeiaeo i?aoeue, ye? i?noyoue oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy
o ae??oaii? i?iaeaie i?iaiicoaaiiy eiei?aeii? noaa?eueiino?
aeiii?iaeoeoe??.
I?iaaaeai? oai?aoe/i? oa aenia?eiaioaeuei? aeine?aeaeaiiy neeaaeo ?
o?ceei-o?i?/ieo aeanoeainoae eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a, yeee a?aeiia?aea?
ca oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue a i?oeieo aeiao ?
aeiiiaoa??aeao.
I?iaaaeaieie aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui aei neeaaeo eiiieaeno
a?iiie?ia??a aoiaeyoue iecueeiiieaeoey?i? a?eee, ie?aiia?i? oi?ie
oaiieueieo ?a/iaei ? iie?naoa?eaee. Anoaiiaeaii caeiiii??iino?
oi?ioaaiiy iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue ia i?aenoaa? o?ainoi?iaoe??
eiiieaeno a?iiie?ia??a i?ae /an ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo aei. Aeyaeaii
oa?aeoa? ooai?aiiy iiiooi?iue, yeee iaoiiaeaiee e?euee?nieie ? ye?nieie
ci?iaie neeaaeo eiiieaeno. Oaoiieia?/i? i?eeiie ae?iaieoeoaa i?oeieo
aei, ye? ni?eythoue ieeneaiith, ca?eueoothoue ianiao eiioeaio?aoe?th ?
nooi?iue ieeneaiino? oaiieueiiai o?aaiaioo eiiieaeno oa i?aeaeuothoue
noeeuei?noue aeiiiaoa??ae?a aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo iiiooi?iue.
?ic?iaeaii iaoiae ioe?iee noeeueiino? aei aei iai?ioieo eiei?aeieo
iiiooi?iue, yeee aeicaiey? i?iaiicoaaoe oa?i?ie noaa?eueiino?
i?iaeoeoe??, ui ae?iaey?oueny, ? iaea?aeaii ??aiyiiy, yea a?aeaeaa?
aca?iica’ycie iieacaiue ?ic?iaeaiiai iaoiaeo c oa?i?iaie noaa?eueiino?
aioiai? aeiii?iaeoeoe??. I?iaaaeaii eiai ae?iaie/o ai?iaaoe?th ia
aeii?iaieo i?aei?e?inoaao aaeoc?. Iaoiae aeeth/aii a Iaoiaee/i? aeac?aee
“Ii?aaeaeaiea neeiiiinoe aei e iiiooiaieyi oeceei-oeie/aneiai
oa?aeoa?a”, caoaa?aeaeai? OAAI.
Eeth/ia? neiaa: iaoiae i?iaiicoaaiiy, iai?ioi? eiei?aei? iiiooi?iiy,
noaa?euei?noue, iooi?noue, oano, a?eee, oaiieuei? ?a/iaeie,
iie?naoa?eaee, eiiieaen a?iiie?ia??a, aeiiiaoa??aee.
Annotation
Babakina N.V. Regularities of the formation of reversible colloidal
clouds in wines and the development of the method of their prediction.
The thesis (a manuscript) for the academic degree of Candidate of
Technical Sciences. Speciality 05.18.07 – Fermentation products
Technology.
Institute for Vine and Wine “Magarach” – Yalta, 1999.
The thesis is based on 7 research works devoted to the problem the
colloidal stability of wine products.
Theoretical and experimental studies have been conducted to determine
the composition and physico-chemical properties of the biopolymer
complex responsible for the formation of reversible colloidal clouds in
fortified wines and wine materials. The low molecular weight proteins,
oligomeric forms of phenolic substances and polysaccharides were shown
to take part in the process of destabilization. Regularities of the
formation of reversible colloidal clouds were determined in the process
of the fortified wine production. The intensified oxidation processes
were shown to increase the susceptibility of wines to reversible
colloidal clouds. The formation of reversible colloidal clouds was
associated with qualitative and quantitative changes in the constituents
of the biopolymer complex. The method for the estimation of the wine
susceptibility to reversible colloidal clouds was developed which allows
to predict the term of the stability of finished products. The obtained
equation revealed the interelation between the values provided by the
developed method and the term of the stability of finished wines. The
method was tested at the wineries and included in the technological
instructions “The determination of wine susceptibility to clouds of the
physico-chemical nature” approved by the Ukrainian Academy of
Agricultural Sciences.
Key words: a method of prediction, reversible colloidal clouds,
stability, turbidity, test, proteins, phenolics, polysaccharides,
biopolymer complex, wine materials.
I?aeienaii aei ae?oeo 09.04.1999. Oi?iao 60o84 1/16
Oiiai.ae?oe.a?e. 1.0. Iaeeaae 100. Caiiaeaiiy N
?inoeooo aeiia?aaeo ? aeia “Iaaa?a/”,
334200, i.sseoa, aoe.E??iaa 31.
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