.

Токсикологічне обгрунтування хімічних заходів захисту садових насаджень від тетраніхових кліщів: Автореф. дис… канд. с.-г. наук / О.Г. Власова, Нац.

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Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao

Aeaniaa Ieueaa A?eai??aia

OAeE : 615.+632:634+595.4

Oieneeieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy o?i?/ieo caoiae?a

caoenoo naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiue a?ae oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a.

03.00.09 – aioiiieia?y

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Ee?a – 1998

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a eaai?aoi??? oieneeieia?? ianoeoeeae?a
?inoeoooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Naeoi Ieeiea Iaaeiae/,

?inoeooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI,

caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi??? oieneeieia??

ianoeoeeae?a

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe,

noa?oee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

Iaoa??anueeee Ieaenaiae? Na?a?eiae/,

?inoeooo naae?aieoeoaa OAAI,

aieiaiee iaoeiaee ni?a?ia?oiee

eaiaeeaeao n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe

Aioiithe Na?a?e ?neaei?iae/,

Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e aioiiieia?? ?

a?icaoenoo ?ineei

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa: Aea?aeaaiee I?e?onueeee aioai?/iee naae

OAAI, a?aeae?e caoenoo ?ineei, i. sseoa

Caoeno aeena?oaoe?? a?aeaoaeaoueny “27”eenoiiaaea 1998 ?. i 10
aiaeei? ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? ?aaee Ae 26.004.02 a
Iaoe?iiaeueiiio aa?a?iiio oi?aa?neoao? ca aae?anith: 252041, i.Ee?a,
aoe. Aa?i?a iai?iie 15, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion N 3, aoaeeoi??y 65.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o a?ae?ioaoe?
Iaoe?iiaeueiiai aa?a?iiai oi?aa?neoaoo: 252041, i.Ee?a – 41, aoe.
Aa?i?a iai?iie 11, iaa/aeueiee ei?ion N 10.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “23” aeiaoiy 1998 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Iaiaeaeoe A.?.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie. A neeaae? oe?aeeeai? oaoie naaeiaiai
aa?ioeaiico aaaeeeaa i?noea caeiathoue ?ineeii?aei? ee?u? iaae?iaeeie
Tetranichoidea. Iaa?oue ca oiia aeio?eiaiiy nenoaie caoiae?a ?c
caoenoo naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiue a?ae oe?aeiee?a ? oai?ia
niinoa??aathoueny nii?aaee/i? niaeaoe ?o ianiaiai ?iciiiaeaiiy, ui
i?ecaiaeeoue aei cia/ieo ao?ao o?iaeath. Neeaaei?noue o caaacia/aii?
aoaeoeaiiai caoenoo ieiaeiaeo eoeueoo? a?ae ee?u?a iieyaa? o caeaoiino?
aei oaeaeeiai oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioieo aei o?i?/ieo cania?a iiioeyoe?e a
iane?aeie /iai noa? ia aoaeoeaiei ?o canoinoaaiiy. Ioaea,
oieneeieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy aeai?o aea?eoeeae?a no/aniiai ani?oeiaioo
oa iioeiaeueii? oaoiieia?? ?o aeei?enoaiiy, ui iiia?aaeaea? cieaeaiiy
aoaeoeaiino? i?aia?ao?a ? aeicaiey? iaae?eii caoenoeoe naaeia?
ianaaeaeaiiy a?ae oeiaei/eiiino? ee?u?a ? aaaeeeaith eaieith
oaeineiiaeaiiy caaaeueiiai eiiieaeno caoiae?a uiaei aeiaeyaeo ca
naaeii.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Oaia
aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe aoiaeeoue aei oaiaoe/iiai ieaio ?inoeoooo
caoenoo ?ineei OAAI ? aeeiio?oueny a ?icae?e? Aea?aeaaii?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? i?ia?aie “Caoeno ?ineei”, ?ioaa?iaai? nenoaie
caoenoo n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo eoeueoo? a?ae oe?aeeeaeo i?aai?ci?a a
oiiaao ??cieo oi?i ainiiaea?thaaiiy, ?icae?ee 05.01.02.(Aea/eoe ae?th
? i?neyae?th ianoeoeeae?a iiaiai ani?oeiaioo, ?o noi?oae ia oe?aeeea?
i?aai?cie), 05.01.03. (Aea/eoe ?acenoaioi?noue /eaienoiiiaeo, caoaeiee?a
oai?ia aei ianoeoeeae?a).

Iiia? aea?aeaaii? ?a?no?aoe??: 019700 12336

Iaoa ? caaea/? (caaaeaiiy) aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiaiith iaoith
aeine?aeaeaiue aoei aecia/aiiy iioe?aiiy a Oe?a?i? iaea?eueo
oeiaei/eiieo aeae?a oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a, oieneeieia?/ia ioe?iea
aea?eoeeae?a c ??cieo eean?a o?i?/ieo niieoe oa iaa?oiooaaiiy nenoaie
?o canoinoaaiiy, yea aeicaiey? caiia?aoe iiya? ?acenoaioieo iiioeyoe?e
oe?aeiee?a.

A?aeiia?aeii aei oeueiai ae??ooaaeenue oae? ieoaiiy:

– ooi/iaiiy aeaeiaiai neeaaeo oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a oa ciiaeueieo
iniaeeainoae ?iciiae?eo /enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e aeii?ioth/eo;

– aea/aiiy aeeiai?ee oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioieo aei aea?eoeeae?a
iiioeyoe?e aeiaeiaiai, /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai oa cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai
ee?u?a;

– aea/aiiy ?aaa?n?? /ooeeaino? ee?u?a aei oiene/ii? ae??
aea?eoeeae?a i?e ci?i? ani?oeiaioo i?aia?ao?a;

– aecia/aiiy oiene/ii? ae?? no/anieo aea?eoeeae?a ia ??ci?
noaae?? iioiaaiaco aeii?ioth/eo aeae?a oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a c iaoith
anoaiiaeaiiy iioeiaeueieo oaiieia?/ieo no?ie?a ?o canoinoaaiiy;

– iaa?oiooaaiiy noaie /a?aoaaiiy ??cieo aea?eoeeae?a aeey
iiia?aaeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioieo iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a;

– aecia/aiiy aoaeoeaiino? no/anieo aea?eoeeae?a i?e canoinoaaii?
i?ioe iaaooeiieo ee?u?a a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo.

Ia caoeno aeiinyoueny oae? iniiai? iieiaeaiiy:

– ciiaeuei? iniaeeaino? iioe?aiiy iaea?eueo oeiaei/eiieo aeae?a
iaaooeiieo ee?u?a a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo Oe?a?ie;

– caeiiii??iino? aeeiai?ee oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioieo aei aea?eoeeae?a
iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a;

– oieneeieia?/ia oa?aeoa?enoeea aea?eoeeae?a no/aniiai
ani?oeiaioo c o?aooaaiiyi ?o ae?? ia ??ci? noaae?? iioiaaiaco
ee?u?a;

– oieneeieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy i?aeai?o i?aia?ao?a aeey caoenoo
naae?a a?ae iaaooeiieo ee?u?a oa oaeoeee ?o canoinoaaiiy, ni?yiiaaii?
ia iiia?aaeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy no?eeeo iiioeyoe?e.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Aea/aii ? ooi/iaii
?iciianthaeaeaiiy a Oe?a?i? iniiaieo aeae?a oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a o
ciiaeueiiio aniaeo?.

Ioe?iaii aeaeiao ? noaae?eio /ooeea?noue ee?u?a aei aea?eoeeae?a
?c ??cieo o?i?/ieo niieoe. Anoaiiaeaii, ui a ?acoeueoao?
?ioaineaiiai ? o?eaaeiai aeei?enoaiiy ?inaeoiaea?eoeeae?a a?aeaoeeny
ci?ie o aeaeia?e no?oeoo?? oaoie ?ineeii?aeieo ee?u?a, ui i?iyaeeenue
a iaiaaeaii? iioe?aiiy iaio no?eeeo aei io?oo aeae?a ? aeii?ioaaii? a
i?aaeaiiiio ?aa?ii? Oe?a?ie c ?ioaineaiei canoinoaaiiyi
?inaeoiaea?eoeeae?a aeae?a, ui oa?aeoa??cothoueny i?aeaeuaiith
no?ee?noth.

A?aei?/aii oaiaeaioe?th aei aeieeiaiiy a?oiiai? ? ia?ao?anoii?
no?eeino? ee?u?a aei oiene/ii? ae?? ??cieo o?i?/ieo niieoe.
Anoaiiaeaii, ui ciaiueoaiiy ianya?a canoinoaaiiy oinoi?i?aai?/ieo
i?aia?ao?a i?ecaiaeeoue aei ?aaa?n?? /ooeeaino? ?acenoaioieo iiioeyoe?e
ee?u?a. Iaa?oioiaaii oaeoeeo canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a i?ioe /a?aiiiai
ieiaeiaiai, cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ? aeiaeiaiai ee?u?a, ui aeicaiey?
iiia?aaeeoe oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioiino?.

Aia?oa i?e oieneeieia?/ieo ? iieueiaeo aeine?aeaeaiiyo aeei?enoaii
iaoiaeeeo aeaioiaeaiiy iino?eieo i?e?ii?aia?ao?a, yea aeicaiey?
aecia/eoe ae?th aea?eoeeae?a ia o?euee? i?ioe iiioeyoe?? a oe?eiio, a
? ia ie?ai? noaae?? iioiaaiaco.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. ?aeii aiaeiaaii
ia?niaeoeai? aea?eoeeaee no/aniiai ani?oeiaioo aeey canoinoaaiiy i?ioe
iaaooeiieo ee?u?a a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo oa aecia/aii iioeiaeuei?
oaiieia?/i? no?iee ?o canoinoaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi iaea?eueo /ooeeaiai
aei aea?eoeeae?a noaae?eiiai neeaaeo iiioeyoe?e.

Oaeineiiaeaii oaeoeeo caoenoo yaeoi? a?ae ?acenoaioieo iiioeyoe?e
ee?u?a, yea iieyaa? a /a?aoaaii? aea?eoeeae?a c ??cieo eean?a
o?i?/ieo niieoe.

Ai?iaaoe?y. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe
aeiiia?aeaeeny ? iaaiai?thaaeeny ia eiioa?aioe?? iieiaeeo o/aieo oa
niaoe?ae?no?a ?inoeoooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI (Ee?a, 1991), Ananithci?e
eiioa?aioe?? “Nia?aiaiiia iieiaeaiea ?acenoaioiinoe a?aaeeoaeae,
aicaoaeeoaeae aieaciae ?anoaiee e ni?iyeia e ianoeoeeaeai” (Ooa,
1992), ? can?aeaii? A/aii? ?aaee ?inoeoooo caoenoo ?ineei OAAI (1998).

Ioae?eaoe??. Ca iaoa??aeaie aeena?oaoe?? iaae?oeiaaii 4 noaoo?, 4
oace aeiiia?aeae, iaeia noaooy iiaeaia aei ae?oeo.

Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. Aeena?oaoe?eia ?iaioa
aeeeaaeaia ia noi??ieao ae?oeiaaiiai oaenoo ? neeaaea?oueny c
caaaeueii? oa?aeoa?enoeee ?iaioe, 5 ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, ia?ae?ea
iineeaiue. ?iaioa ?ethno?iaaia 1 iaethieii oa oaaeeoeyie. Ia?ae?e
e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae ioiieth? 181 iaeiaioaaiue, na?aae yeeo 23
?iicaiieo.

Iaoa??aee ? iaoiaeeee aeine?aeaeaiue. Ia’?e oaie aeine?aeaeaiue
aoee i?e?iaei? iiioeyoe?? ee?u?a ?iaeeie Tetranychidaa: aeiaeiaiai
Tetranychus viennensis Zacher ? /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai – Panonychus ulmi
Koch, cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ? oaeiae eaai?aoi?ia eoeueoo?a
cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ee?ua Tetranychus urticae Koch. I?e?iaei?
iiioeyoe?? aea/aee a aeaio aaia?ao?/ii a?aeaeaeaieo ioieoao: a
e?ninoaiia?e cii? (ENI “Niaee” oa “Oieouee?anueea”
Ee?ai-Nayoioeinueeee ?-i Ee?anueei? iaeano?), oa a noaiia?e cii? (ENI
“Eai’yiea” Eai’yiei-Aei?i?ianueeiai ?aeiio Caii??cueei? iae. oa, ENI
“AEiaoaiue” Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano?).

Eaai?aoi?i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeee a ?inoeooo? caoenoo ?ineei
(Ee?a).

Aecia/aiiy oa iae?e ee?u?a. Iae?e ee?u?a i?iaiaeeany ca?aeii
caaaeueiii?eeiyoi? iaoiaeeee oeyoii i?ae?aooieo aeeaeo iniaei ia
eenoeao (oae caaia “a?ic’eiiea”, aai “a?aeaeoee”). O ca’yceo c
iaaeineiiae?noth oeeo iaoiaeee ? aeey a??ia?aeiiai aecia/aiiy ee?u?a
aeaioiaeyee niaoe?aeuei? i?aia?aoe, ui i?ecia/ai? aeey i?e?ineii?/iiai
aiae?co. Aeaioiaeaiiy iino?eieo i?e?ii?aia?ao?a aeicaieeei aecia/aoe
aeaeiaee neeaae aea?ioaoie a ??cieo noaae?yo ?icaeoeo, ? /enaeuei?noue
ie?aieo aeae?a ee?u?a. U?euei?noue iiioeyoe?? i?ae?aoiaoaaee ca
aeiiiiiaith niaoe?aeueieo o?aoa?ao?a “iaeaoie” c ioai?aie iaaieo
?ici???a, ye? iaeeaaeathoueny ia eenoiao ieanoeieo. Ee?u?a cae?athoue
ia ae?eyieao iaiaaeaieie ioai?aie “iaeaoee”.

Aeaioiaeaiiy iino?eieo i?e?ii?aia?ao?a. Iino?ei? i?aia?aoe c
aeiaaei no?ieii caa??aaiiy aiooaaeenue ia aoii?a?aa?eia?e noi?o?,
yea aeicaiey? iaeii/anii o?enoaaoe ? i?ina?oethaaoe ee?u?a. Aeey
i?aia?oaaiiy ee?u?a, ui neaai caoa?aiaai?, aeei?enoiaoaaee ??aeeio
Oi?a-Aa?eaca, a aeey neeueii i?aiaioiaaieo – ?? iiaeeo?eaoe?th –
??aeeio Aie??a. Aeey iaeyaeo i?aia?ao?a aeei?enoiaoaaee i?e?ineiie
IA?-3, IA?-15 c oacieiio?anoiei i?eno?i?i.

Aea/aiiy /ooeeaino? ee?u?a aei ianoeoeeae?a. *ooee a?noue ee?u?a
aei aea?eoeeae?a aeine?aeaeoaaee a na??eieo oieneeieia?/ieo aeine?aeao
iaoiaeii ia?iaee aen?/ie ?c eenoe?a yaeoi? ? i?aenaaeee ia ieo ee?u?a,
a nooi?iue oiene/iino? – aecia/aee a?ao?/iei iaoiaeii i?ia?o-aiae?co
(149). E?eoa???i oiene/iino? neoaeeee iieacieee ?o eiioeaio?aoe?? NE50 ,
% ae.?. ? NE95 , % ae.?.. A?ieia?/ia aoaeoeai?noue o iieueiaeo
aeine?aeao ioe?ithaaeanue ca iieacieeaie /enaeueiino? ee?u?a ia 100
eenoe?a yaeoi? aei ? i?ney iai?eneoaaiiy.

Noaoenoe/ia ia?iaea aenia?aiaioaeueieo aeaieo cae?enithaaeanue
iaoiaeii ae?nia?n?eiiai aiae?co (150).

3. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue.

3.1. Oaoia oao?ai?oi?aeieo ee?u?a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiue Oe?a?ie.

Aeey c’ynoaaiiy no/aniiai noaio canaeaiiy naae?a oao?ai?oiaeie
ee?uaie o 1996 – 1997 ?ieao i?iaaaeaii aecia/aiiy aeaeiaiai neeaaeo oa
/enaeueiino? aea?ioaoie a ??cieo iaeanoyo Oe?a?ie. O i?iaiae?ciaaieo
c?aceao eenoy ia aeyaeaii aeiaeiiai aecaiiey?a ao?iai ieiaeiaiai
ee?ua. Ciaoiaeeee o?e aeaea: /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai, aeiaeiaiai oa
cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai.

Caa?oa? ia naaa oaaao oa, ui a naaeao, aea aeii?io? aeiaeiaee
ee?u, /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee cono??/a?oueny a iacia/i?e e?eueeino?, aai
iaa?oue a?aenooi?e ? iaaiaee.

Aeineoue /?oei aeyaeeanue ??cieoey o ciiaeueiiio ?iciiae?e?
/enaeueiino? iiioeyoe?e oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a. A cii? Noaio aeii?io?
aeiaeiaee ee?u, o E?ninoaio – /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee ? ia Iie?nn? cae/aeiee
iaaooeiiee (oaae. 1).

Oaaeeoey 1 – Aeaeiaee neeaae oaoie oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a

a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo Oe?a?ie (1996-1997 ?.?.).

Aa?iaeieia?/i? ciie, iaeano? ianoaaeaii ainiiaea?noa /enaeuei?noue
aeyaeaieo ee?u?a o aaeao

/a?aiiee ieiaeiaee aeiaeiaee cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee

Ia?aaeea?iaooy

oa Iie?nny

?aaii-O?aie?anueea 1 0 1 2

Euea?anueea 1 2 1 2

AEeoiie?nueea 2 3 1 3

*a?i?a?anueea 1 0 0 2

E?ninoai

Oa?iii?euenueea 1 1 0 1

*a?i?aaoeueea 2 2 1 2

A?iieoeueea 3 1 2 0

Ee?anueea (i?aaeaii? ?aeiie) 5 2 1 2

Oa?e?anueea 1 2 1 3

Iieoaanueea 1 3 0 1

Noai

E??iaia?aaenueea 2 1 2 1

Iaeanueea 2 1 2 3

Ieeiea?anueea 1 0 2 0

Caii??cueea 1 1 3 1

Aeiiaoeueea 1 2 1 2

3.2. Aeeiai?ea oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioiino? oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a aei
o?i?/ieo cania?a.

A 1980 – 1984 ??. aea/aeanue /ooeea?noue ieiaeiaeo ee?u?a aei
aea?eoeeae?a, ui oi?ioaaeanue a oiiaao nenoaie o?i?/iiai caoenoo
yaeoi?, yea canoiniaoaaeanue o naae?aie/iio ENI “Eai’yiea” Caii??cueei?
iaeano?. O iiia?aaei? ?iee (1970-1980 ??.) a ainiiaea?noa?
aeei?enoiaoaaee oinoi?i?aai?/i? (A?-58, ea?aioin, iaoaoin, cieii), oa
oei?i?aai?/i? i?aia?aoe (eaeueoai). Ao?ee ieiaeiaee ee?u, o yeiai
?acenoaioi? aei oeeo i?aia?ao?a iiioeyoe?? ia oi?ioaaeenue, aoa
i?aeoe/ii cieuaiee aei na?aaeeie 70-o ?ie?a; a naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo
aeii?ioaaa /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee, a o ae?oa?e iieiaei? e?oa c’yaeyany
aeiaeiaee ee?u.

sse c’ynoaaeinue, iiioeyoe?y /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai ee?ua aoea
i?aeoe/ii iiai?noth no?eea aei ea?aioino. No?ee?noue aei eaeueoaio o
1980 ?ioe? aoea iecueeith, a ii/eiath/e c 1981 ?ieo ??cei c?inoaea ? a
1984 ?ioe? oeae i?aia?ao noaa i?aeoe/ii ia aoaeoeaiei i?ioe oeueiai
oe?aeieea.

Ioaea, niinoa??aaeanue ia?ao?anoia ?acenoaioi?noue aei oinoi? oa
oei?i?aai?/ieo niieoe. Aeniea oiene/i?noue i?o?iniieoee ae?aeno
a?aei?/aeanue ia i?ioyc? i’yoe ?ie?a aeine?aeaeaiue. Oiene/i?noue
cieiio ??cei cieceeanue o 1981 ?ioe?, aea i?ney ia?a?ae o eiai
aeei?enoaii? (1982 ??e), aeaui c?inea, aea ca iieacieeaie 1983 oa 1984
?ie?a ?aaa?n?y /ooeeaino? ia aeinyaea caaeia?eueiiai aeey ae?iaie/i?
i?aeoeee ??aiy (oaae. 2). A?aei?ie o ?icaeoeo ?acenoaioiino? aei
??cieo o?i?/ieo niieoe iia’ycai? c iniaeeainoyie o iaoai?cio ?o
aeaoieneeaoe?? a i?aai?ci?.

3.3. Aoaeoeai?noue aea?eoeeae?a a ieiaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo
noaiiai? ciie.

C ii/aoeo 90-o ?ie?a /a?ac iia??oaiiy o?iainiaiai noaio
n?eueneiainiiaea?nueeeo i?aei?e?inoa, cia/ii nei?ioeeenue ianyae
caoiae?a ?c caoenoo ?ineei. A ieiaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo ai?ioueaa c
oe?aeieeaie ? oai?iaaie yaeoi? oaia? iaiaaeo?oueny o a?eueoino?
ainiiaea?noa 1-2 iai?eneoaaiiyie, a canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a ia
i?iaiaeeoueny cian?i. Ciaioaiiy ?ioaineaiino? canoinoaaiiy o?i?/ieo
cania?a noai?eei ia?aaeoiiae aeey ?aaa?n?? /ooeeaino? iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a
aei io?oo.

Ani?oeiaio aea?eoeeae?a ca ia?ae?eii cania?a caoenoo ?ineei
Oe?aea?aeo?ieii?n?? ia 1991-1995 ?iee iiiiaieany ?yaeii iiaeo
aea?eoeeae?a. Aeey ?o aea/aiiy o 1992 ?ioe? aoee caeeaaeai? aeine?aee a
ENI “Eai’yiea” Caii??cueei? iaeano? ia ae?eyioe?, yea 20 ?ie?a ia
ia?iaeyeanue ianoeoeeaeaie. Ni?o yaeoi? – ?aiao Neie?aiei.

Eiio?ieuei? aea?aaa aea?eoeeaeaie aai ?inaeoeoeeaeaie ia
ia?iaeyeenue. Aeey ii??aiyiiy aoee oaeiae i?iaaaeai? iae?ee ee?u?a ia
eaa?oae?, aea yaeoith iai?eneoaaee ianoeoeeaeaie o iiia?aaei? ?iee.

Oaaeeoey 2 – Aeeiai?ea /ooeeaino? ?iaai /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai ee?ua
aei aea?eoeeae?a (ENI “Eai’yiea”)

?inaeoeoeeaee, aea?eoeeaee ?iee oa eaoaeuei? eiioeaio?aoe??, % ae.?.

1980 ?. 1981 ?. 1982 ?. 1983 ?. 1984 ?.

NE50 NE95 NE50 NE95 NE50 NE95 NE50 NE95 NE50 NE95

Ea?aioin, 50% e.a. – – 2,0 5,0 2,8 9,4 2,4 6,7 2,5 6,0

A?-58, 40% e.a. 0,08 0,6 – – – – – – – –

Cieii, 35% e.a. 0,002 0,1 0,09 0,65 – – 0,01 0,5 0,05 0,3

Eaeueoai, 20% e.a. 0,0005 0,003 0,8 1,4 0,9 1,4 0,1 2,8 0,3 3,1

Ae?aen, 30% a.e. 0,0003 0,001 0,0005 0,003 0,0006 0,008 0,0003 0,003 – –

Ia e?iaoeue /a?aiy – ii/aoie eeiiy yaeoith canaeya /a?aiiee
ieiaeiaee ee?u. *enaeuei?noue ?ooiieo noaae?e ee?ua (ee/eiee, i?ioe,
?iaai) aei ia?iaie a iaaeao aeine?aeii? ae?eyiee eieeaaeanue a?ae 157
aecaiiey??a aei 323 aecaiiey??a ia 100 eenoe?a. *enaeuei?noue ee?ua ia
eaa?oae? i?iieneiaiai naaeo, aea canoiniaoaaeenue o?i?/i? caniae
ai?ioueae c oe?aeieeaie, e??i aea?eoeeae?a, noaiiaeea a na?aaeiueiio
713 iniaei ia 100 eenoe?a.

Aiae?c noaae?eiiai neeaaeo iiioeyoe?e /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai
ee?ua ia ??cieo aa??aioao aeine?aeo 1992 ? i?ney iai?eneoaaiiy
aea?eoeeaeeie (oaae. 3) aeyaea iaai? a?aei?ie o ae?? aeine?aeaeoaaieo
i?aia?ao?a ia ie?ai? noaae?? iioiaaiaco. Ca noaiii ia 5 eeiiy,
/a?ac 4 aei? i?ney ia?iaee aea?eoeeaeaie aeai?oie ciecea
/enaeuei?noue an?o i?a?iaa?iaeueieo ?ooiieo noaae?e, a oaeiae naioe?a ?
iiioeyoe?y neeaaeaeany ia?aaaaeii c naiie. Ia ae?eyieao, aea
canoiniaoaaany iaa?ee caaeioee ee/eiee, caeeoaeany iaaia e?euee?noue
i?io oa aeoaea iaei naioe?a, aeii?ioth/iai noaae??th ee?ua aoee naiee.
Iiae?aia ni?aa?aeiioaiiy niinoa??aaeinue ia aa??aio?, aea
canoiniaoaaee iiaeo. Ioaea, iaea?eueo no?eeeie aei aea?eoeeae?a
aeyaeeenue noaoaaic??e? naiee, a iaeiaio – ee/eiee. Ca iae?eii 10
na?iiy (ia 40 aeaiue i?ney ia?iaee) ia aea?aaao, ia?iaeaieo aeai?oieii
oaeiae ia?aaaaeaee naiee, ia ?ioeo aa??aioao noaae?eiee neeaae
iiioeyoe?e aoa iiae?aiee aei oiai, ui niinoa??aaany 1 eeiiy, aei
canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a. A?aeiiaeaiiy iiia?aaeiueiai neeaaeo
iiioeyoe?e iiaeia iiynieoe oei, ui aea?eoeeaee ia ae?yee caoaii ia
yeoey. I?ney aeaoieneeaoe?? eenoy c y?oeue a?ae?iaeeeenue ee/eiee
iiaiai iieie?iiy, yea aeinyaei oaei? oace iioiaaiaco, ye ? ii ia?aaei?,
aeyaeaia aei canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a, aea naioe?a aoei cia/ii iaioa.
Oea iia?ycaii c oei, ui ii/aeinue ?o i?e?iaei? a?aei??aiiy, a
caie?aeiai? naiee a?aeeeaaeaee ia?aaaaeii ceioth/? yeoey.

Oaaeeoey 3 – Noaae?eiee neeaae iiioeyoe?? /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai ee?ua
(ENI “Eai’yiea”, 1992 ?.)

Aa??aio ni?aa?aeiioaiiy noaae?e o iiioeyoe?? ee?u?a, %

01.07.92 ?.

(aei ia?iaee) 05.07.92 ?.

(4-e aeaiue i?ney ia?iaee) 10.08.92 ?.

(40-e aeaiue i?ney ia?iaee)

ee/eiee i?ioe naiee

naioe?

ee/eiee i?ioe naiee

naioe?

ee/eiee i?ioe naiee

naioe?

Aeai?oie, 10% e.a. 20,6 19,7 42,2 17,5 0 8,0 88,6 3,4 8,3 8,3 66,7 16,7

Iaa?ee 2F, 22,3%oei 13,5 29,1 40,4 23,1 0 21,1 73,7 5,3 33,3 46,7 20,0 0

Iiaeo, 30% c.i. 21,3 31,9 29,1 17,0 0 11,7 85,0 3,3 16,7 33,3 50,0 0

Eiio?ieue 15,5 32,2 29,9 17,5 17,4 28,1 35,3 19,2 11,1 55,6 33,3 0

I?iieneia? ianaaeaeaiiy 4,2 15,4 40,2 40,2 10,8 13,2 44,9 31,1 5,2 28,1
49,7 17,0

Oaaeeoey 4 – Canaeaiiy ee?uaie aea?aa aeine?aeii? oa i?iieneiaeo
ae?eyiie (ENI “Eai’yiea”, 1996 ?.).

Aa??aio

aeaee

ee?u?a iae?e 13.06 iae?e 1.08

ni?aa?aeiioaiiy /enaeueiino? ee?u?a, % noaae?eiee neeaae iiioeyoe??, %
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy /enaeueiino? ee?u?a,% noaae?eiee neeaae iiioeyoe??, %

ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai

ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai

Aea?aaa, ia?iaeai? aea?eoeeaeaie o 1995 ?. /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee 28,2 82 18
28,6 75 25

cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee 34,5 87,5 12.5 2,4 100 0

aeiaeiaee 37,3 89 11 69 88,5 11,5

Eiio?ieuei? aea?aaa /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee 61 80 20 0 0 0

cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee 0 0 0 0 0 0

aeiaeiaee 39 75 25 100 77,7 22,3

Eaa?oae i?iieneiaeo ianaaeaeaiue /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee 21 66,7 33,3 – – –

cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee 0 0 0 – – –

aeiaeiaee 79 100 0 – – –

O 1996 ? ia ae?eyioe?, aea aei?iaiaoaaeenue aea?eoeeaee o 1995 ?ioe?
i?iaaaeaii iae?ee /enaeueiino? ee?u?a ia aea?aaao, ui ia?iaeyeenue
o?i?/ieie caniaaie oa ia eiio?ieueieo. Aeey ii??aiyiiy i?iaaaeaii
i?ae?aooiee ee?u?a ia eaa?oae? i?iieneiaeo ianaaeaeaiue, ye? a
iaiaaeaiiio ianyc? iai?eneoaaeenue i?ioe oe?aeiee?a ? oai?ia. A
oaaeeoe? 4 iaaaaeaii aeai? aeaio iae?e?a: 13.06 oa 01.08. Iieacaii
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy /enaeueiino? o?ueio aeae?a ee?u?a oa noaae?eiee neeaae
iiioeyoe?e. Ii??aiththoueny aeai? niinoa?aaeaiue ia ae?eyioe?, aea
canoiniaoaaee aeai?oie, iiaeo, naiiaeo, ae?iaoai ia eiio?ieueieo
aea?aaao oa ia eaa?oae? i?iieneiaeo ianaaeaeaiue. Ia ae?eyieao, ui
ia?iaeyeenue aea?eoeeaeaie o iiia?aaeiueiio ?ioe? cono??/aeenue an? o?e
aeaee ee?u?a. Ia eiio?ieueieo aea?aaao aeii?ioaaa /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee,
a a i?iieneiaeo ianaaeaeaiiyo iiai?noth ia?aaaaeaa aeiaeiaee ee?u, ui
oaeiae i?aeoaa?aeaeo? a?eueoo nooi?iue aeeoo?caeaoiino? oeueiai aeaeo,
oa eiai eiieo?aioio ni?iiiaei?noue c ?ioeie aeaeaie.

Ca noaiii ia 27 eeiiy /enaeuei?noue ?ooiieo noaae?e /a?aiiiai
ieiaeiaiai ee?ua c?inea aei ??aiy 33% uiaei eiio?ieth, a cae/aeiiai
iaaooeiiiai aei 48%. Ia aea?aaao, ui ia?iaeyeenue iiaeoii (an? o?e
i?aia?aoeai? oi?ie) e?euee?noue ye /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai, oae ?
cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ee?u?a ia?aaeuoaaea iiioeyoe?th ia eiio?ieueieo
aea?aaao ? noaiiaeea a?aeiia?aeii 140% i 152%.

Oaeei /eiii, caaaeai? 4 aea?eoeeaee caa??aaee o?eaaeee /an
caoaio ae?th i?ney iaianaiiy ia eenoy, oiae? ye iiaeo iaia?aoeiaeaeaa
aeeaeaiith oa ?iciiiaeaiith ee?u?a. Aeiaeiaee ee?u aeyaeany cia/ii
no?ee?oei aei an?o aea?eoeeae?a, ui a?aei?/aii ua o aeine?aeao 1995
?ieo, u?euei?noth eiai iiioeyoe?e ia aea?aaao, ia?iaeaieo i?oonii,
oi?eii, naiiaeoii oa aiieei noaiiaeea 84% a?ae eiio?ieth, a i?e
canoinoaaii? iiaeoa – 99%. Aae?oaa aeine?aei? aa??aioe ia?iaeyeenue
aea?eoeeaeaie 28 eeiiy a oiiaao /enaeueiino? ee?u?a aeinoaoiuei?, uia
aecia/eoe ii??aiyeueio oiene/i?noue i?aia?ao?a i?e aaciina?aaeiueiio
eiioaeo? c eieii?yie oe?aeiee?a ia eeno?. Iieacieee caaeaae? ?ooiieo
noaae?e ee?u?a iaaaaeai? a oaaeeoe? 5.

Aiae?c noaae?eiiai neeaaeo iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a (oaaeeoey 6)
na?ae/aoue i?i a?aei?ie o oiene/ii? ae?? ??cieo i?aia?ao?a ia ie?ai?
noaae?? iioiaaiaco. A iiioeyoe?? /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai ee?ua ia
aa??aioao, ia?iaeaieo i?oonii oa oi?eii aeyaeaii o?eueee
?iaa?iaeueio noaae?th, naiiaeo o ??ai?e i??? ae?ya ia an? noaae??, a
iiaeo, 57% e.a. cieuea /anoeiai ee/eiie ? aeyaea ia?oeeaeiee aoaeo,
ee/eiee oa i?ioe, ui caa?aaeeny ca /an i?ney iai?eneoaaiiy aeinyaee
aei?inei? noaae??. Aiieei ni?e/eiea caaeaaeue on?o ?ooiieo noaae?e,
iiaeo, 30% c.i. oaeiae aieeioa caoaii ia an? ?ooii? noaae??. O
aeiaeiaiai ee?ua a?aei?i i?ae i?aia?aoaie o oiene/i?e ae?? ia ??ci?
noaoe?? iioiaaiaco ia iii?/aii. A ??ai?e i??? aei?iaoaai? i?aia?aoe
cieuoaaee ee/eiie, i?io oa aei?ineeo ee?u?a, ui caaeioee o?euee?
a?eueo aeo?eaae? aei?ine? ee?u?, a caeeoeeeny /ooeea?o? aei io?oo
ee/eiee – iaa??ia?aeii. Ioaea ?iia??i?oa, ui oe? i?aia?aoe cieueee an?
?ooii? noaae??. Caa?aaeeny yeoey, c yeeo ca o?e aei? i?ney
iai?eneoaaiiy a?ae?iaeeeenue ee/eiee ? ooai?eee iiioeyoe?th aeyaeaio i?e
iae?eo.

Aoaeoeai?noue on?o aei?iaoaaieo aea?eoeeae?a i?ioe cae/aeiiai
iaaooeiiiai ee?ua ca iae?eii ia o?ao?e aeaiue i?ney iai?eneoaaiiy
aeyaeeanue iaeaea iaeiaeiaith, a na?aaeiueiio ia ??ai? 80%.
Iieacieee caaeaae? ?ooiieo noaae?e aeiaeiaiai ee?ua iii?oii ieae/? ia
aa??aioao ?c canoinoaaiiyi naiiaeoo oa iiaeoo, 30% c.i. *a?aiiee
ieiaeiaee ee?u aeyaeany aeaui /ooeea?oei ca ?io? aeaa aeaea –
aoaeoeai?noue aea?eoeeae?a ca aeiyoeii naiiaeoo aoea ia ??ai? 90%.

Oaaeeoey 5 – A?ieia?/ia aoaeoeai?noue aea?eoeeae?a i?ioe oao?ai?oiaeo
ee?u?a (ENI “Eai’yiea”, 1996 ?., ia?iaea aea?eoeeaeaie 28 eeiiy)

Aa??aio ii?ie aeo?ao

(e/ea/aa) cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee a?ieia?/iaaoaeoeai?noue,

% aeiaeiaee a?ieia?/iaaoaeoeai?noue,

% /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee a?ieia?/iaaoaeoeai?noue,

%

/enaeuei?noue ee?u?a,

iniaei ia 100 eenoe?a

/enaeuei?noue ee?u?a,

iniaei ia 100 eenoe?a

/enaeuei?noue ee?u?a,

iniaei ia 100 eenoe?a

aei ia?iaee

27 eeiiy ia 3-e aeaiue

i?ney ia?iaee

aei ia?iaee

27 eeiiy ia 3-e aeaiue

i?ney ia?iaee

aei ia?iaee

27 eeiiy ia 3-e aeaiue

i?ney ia?iaee

I?oon, 5% a,e, 0,75 70 13 82,9 963 83 91,0 47 3 94,1

Oi?e, 50% a.e. 1,5 80 13 85,0 723 87 87,9 40 3 93,1

Naiiaeo, 20% c.i. 0,9 87 0 100 387 124 67,6 40 13 70,1

Aiieei, 50% a.e. 0,6 30 0 100 870 50 94,2 10 0 100

Iiaeo, 57% a.a. 2,0 133 25 82,7 1143 150 86,7 177 35 81,8

Iiaeo, 57% e.a. 2,0 313 75 78,0 940 140 84,9 180 10 94,9

Iiaeo, 30% c.i. 4,0 193 35 83,3 537 125 76,4 83 0 100

Eiio?ieue

140 152 – 883 871 – 105 114 –

I?? 05

3,1

2,9

2,4

Oaaeeoey 6 – Aieea aea?eoeeae?a ia noaae?eio no?oeoo?o
iiioeyoe?? oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a (ENI “Eai’yiea”,1996 ?.)

I?aia?ao

ii?ie aeo?ao

(e, ea/aa) ni?aa?aeiioaiiy noaae?e iioiaaiaco, %

/a?aiiee ieiaeiaee cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee aeiaeiaee

27.07 31.07 27.07 31.07 27.07 31.07

ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai ee/eiee,
i?ioe ?iaai ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai ee/eiee, i?ioe ?iaai

I?oon,

5% a.e. 0,75 28 72 100 0 24 76 25 75 55 45 24 76

Oi?e,

50% e.a. 1,5 43 57 100 0 50 50 25 75 55 45 50 50

Naiiaeo, 20% c.i. 0,9 33 67 50 50 8 92 0 0 52 48 51 49

Aiieei, 50% a.e. 0,6 0 100 0 0 68 32 0 0 38 62 40 60

Iiaeo, 57% a.a. 2,0 36 64 0 100 60 40 40 60 43 57 73 27

Iiaeo, 57% e.a. 2,0 32 68 0 100 65 35 27 73 42 58 29 71

Iiaeo, 30% c.i. 4,0 36 64 0 0 74 26 29 71 61 39 64 36

Eiio?ieue

43 57 22 78 38 62 33 67 68 62 53 47

AENIIAEE

1. C oaoi?noe/iiai oaeniio oao?ai?oi?aeieo ee?u?a aeooaeueieie
oe?aeieeaie naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiue a Oe?a?i? ia oaia?eoi?e /an ?:
/a?aiiee ieiaeiaee, aeiaeiaee oa cae/aeiee iaaooeiiee ee?u?. Aaiaoe/ii
aiiiaaiia iiioeyoe?y ao?iai ieiaeiaiai ee?ua, yeiio aeanoeaa
ia?oaiiaaiaoe/ia ?iciiiaeaiiy, aiane?aeie oe?ieiianooaaiiai
canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a ia i?ioyc? 1960-1970 ?ie?a aoea i?aeoe/ii
aeei??iaia.

2. Oe? o?e oe?aeeeae aeaee cono??/athoueny a on?o aa?iaeieia?/ieo
ciiao, i?ioa ? iaai? ciiaeuei? a?aei?ie a ?iciiae?e? ?o
/enaeueiino?: o iie?nuee?e cii? oa Ia?aaeea?iaoo? aeii?io? cae/aeiee
iaaooeiiee ee?u, o E?ninoaio – /a?aiiee ieiaeiaee ? o Noaio –
aeiaeiaee.

3. O aeiaeiaiai, /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai oa cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai
ee?u?a, iiioeyoe?? yeeo aaiaoe/ii aaoa?iaaii? a?aeaoaa?oueny oi?ioaaiiy
?acenoaioiino? aei aea?eoeeae?a. I?ioean a?aeai?o no?eeeo iniaei
ei?aeth? c o?eaae?noth oa ?ioaineai?noth aac ci?iiiai canoinoaaiiy
iaeiaeiaeo ca iaoai?ciii oiene/ii? ae?? i?aia?ao?a. I?e 3-5 ?aciaiio
iai?eneoaaii? ui??/ii no?eea aei io?ooe iiioeyoe?y oi?io?oueny ca 2 – 4
?iee.

4. Aaia?o?/ii a?aeaeaeai? iiioeyoe?? ee?u?a a naaeiaeo
ianaaeaeaiiyo iie?nueei? oa noaiiai? cii oa?aeoa??cothoueny a?aei?iaie
o nooiai? /ooeeaino? aei aea?eoeeae?a, ui iaoiiaeaii ??ciith
?ioaineai?nooth canoinoaaiiy o?i?/ieo cania?a.

5. Aei?iaoaaiiy noai /a?aoaaiiy ??cieo i?aia?ao?a i?ioyaii aaniyii
– e?oiueiai ia??iaeo iieacaei iiaeeea?noue oieeiooe oi?ioaaiiy
?acenoaioieo aei aea?eoeeae?a iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a ? iaa?oue ?eaa?n??
/ooeeaino? aei aea?eoeeae?a, ui canoiniaoaaeenue o iiia?aaei? ?iee.

6. Ca ?acoeueoaoaie eaai?aoi?ieo oa iieueiaeo aeine?aeaeaiue
ioe?iaii no/aniee ani?oeiaio aea?eoeeae?a. Iaea?eueo oiene/ieie oa
ia?niaeoeaieie aeey aeiaeiaiai, /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai oa cae/aeiiai
iaaooeiiiai ee?u?a ? aeai?oie, i?oon, oi?e, iiaeo; ae?iaoai oa
naiiaeo aoaeoeai? i?ioe cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ee?ua; aiieei cieuo?
?ooii? noaae?? aeiaeiaiai, /a?aiiiai ieiaeiaiai oa cae/aeiiai
iaaooeiiiai ee?u?a i?e aaciina?aaeiueiio eiioaeo? ?o c aea?eoeeaeii,
aea ia caoeua? a?ae canaeaiiy eenooy ee/eieaie, ui a?ae?iaeeeeny i?ney
iai?eneoaaiiy.

7. Aea/aiiy oiene/ii? ae?? aea?eoeeae?a ia ??ci? noaae?? ?icaeoeo
ee?u?a iieacaei, ui iaea?eueo no?ee? noaoaaic??e? naiee.

8. C aea?eoeeae?a, ui ia oaia?eoi?e /an ca?a?no?iaai?
Oe?aea?aeo?ieii?n??th o nenoai? o?i?/ieo cania?a ?c caoenoo naaeiaeo
ianaaeaeaiue a?ae oe?aeiee?a ne?ae aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?oon, 5% ?.e. oa
iiaeo, 57% e.a., ye? aoaeoeai? i?ioe anueiai eiiieaeno ee?u?a.
Naiiaeo, 20% c.i. oa ae?iaoai, 20% e.a. aeioe?eueii aeei?enoiaoaaoe a
naaeao, canaeaieo cae/aeiei iaaooeiiei ee?uai.

9. Aeey caaacia/aiiy noaie /a?aoaaiiy i?aia?ao?a, ni?yiiaaii? ia
iiia?aaeaeaiiy oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioieo iiioeyoe?e ee?u?a, ani?oeiaio
aea?eoeeae?a iaiao?aeii iiiiaieoe. O ca’yceo c oeei aeioe?eueii
cai?iiiioaaoe Oe?aea?aeo?ieii?n?? aei ?aa?no?aoe?? aeai?oie 10% ?.e. ?
oi?e 50% e.?.

10. Aeey cieuaiiy iiioeyoe?? ee?u?a iio??aii i?iaiaeeoe aeai?aciao
ia?iaeo: ia?oa – cieuo? i?a?iaa?iaeuei? ?ooii? noaae?? ? /anoeio
naiie, ae?oaa /a?ac 15 – 18 aei?a – ?ooii? noaae?? iiaiai iieie?iiy yea
a?ae?iaeeeinue c y?oeue, ui caa?aaeeny aai a?aeeeaaeaieo naieaie i?ney
ia?oi? ia?iaee.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii? a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Iaiueei A.A., Nthnthe I.A. (Aeaniaa I.A.) Oeie/aneay ai?ueaa n

ninoueie a?aaeeoaeyie cae?uoiai a?oioa // Aeeaae iieiaeuo o/aiuo e
niaoeeaeenoia a eioaineoeeaoeeth naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai

i?iecaiaenoaa: Oac. aeiee. I ?ani. i.-i. eiio., 25 – 27 ai?aey,
Eueaia, 1984. – Eueaia, 1984. – N. 45-46.

2. Aieoaiei A.I., Nthnthe I.A. (Aeaniaa I.A.) I ?acenoaioiinoe

i?aeiaaeiaeueiuo noaaeee iaooeiiuo eeauae // Aaiaoe/aneea

iineaaenoaey eniieueciaaiey oeie/aneeo n?aaenoa caueou ?anoaiee e
iooe i?aiaeieaiey ?acenoaioiinoe a?aaeiuo i?aaieciia n

o/aoii caaea/ io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu: Oac. aeiee. IV Anan.

nia. ii ?acenoaioiinoe, 16-20 ai?aey, ?eaa, 1984. – ?eaa, 1984 –
N. 50-51.

3. Nthnthe I.A. (Aeaniaa I.A.) ?acenoaioiinoue oao?aieoiauo eea uae e
aea?eoeeaeai // Aii?inu caueou naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo

eoeueoo? io a?aaeiuo i?aaieciia: Oac. aeiee. II ?ani. eiio.

iie. o/. e niaoe., Eeaa,1991. – E., 1991. – N 7.

4. Nthnthe I.A. (Aeaniaa I.A.) ?acenoaioiinoue oao?aieoiauo eeauae e
aea?eoeeaeai // Nia?aiaiiia iieiaeaiea n ?acenoaioiinoueth

a?aaeeoaeae e aicaoaeeoaeae aieaciae ?anoaiee e ni?iyeia e

ianoeoeeaeai: Oac. aeiee. ainueiiai niaau., 2-5 ia?oa, Ooa,

1992. – Ooa, 1992. – N. 7-8.

5. Aeaniaa I.A., Oaa/oe ?.A. Oi?ioaaiiy iiioeyoe?? iaaooeiieo

ee?u?a ia yaeoi? a oiiaao Aeiiaoeueei? iaeano? // I?aea?aeii/ee

oaiaoe/iee iaoeiaee ca??iee Caoeno ?ineei. – 1995. – N 42.

– N. 61-64. (Iniaenoee aianie 25%. Aecia/aiiy aeaeiaiai

neeaaeo ee?u?a).

6. A?iaeneee A.A., Iaiueei A.A., Aeaniaa I.A. I?aia?ao i?ioea

eeauae // Caueoa ?anoaiee. – I.,1995, – N 8. – N.

32-33.(Iniaenoee aianie 45%. C?a?aii aenia?aiaioaeueiee ia
oa??ae).

7. Iaiueei I.A., Aeaniaa I.A., Naeoi I.I. *ooeea?noue ieiaeiaeo

ee?u?a aei iiaeo ?inaeoiaea?eoeeae?a // Caoeno ? ea?aioei ?in eei
I?aea?aeii/ee oaiaoe/iee iaoeiaee ca??iee . – 1996, – N

43. – N. 88-92. (Iniaenoee aianie 50%. C?a?aii aenia?aiai oaeueiee
iaoa??ae).

8. Aeaniaa I.A. *a?aiiee ieiaeiaee eeiu // Caoeno ?ineei. – E.,

1998. – N 5. – N 19.

Aeaniaa I.A. Oieneeieia?/ia iaa?oiooaaiiy o?i?/ieo caoiae?a
caoenoo naaeiaeo ianaaeaeaiue a?ae oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a. – ?oeiien

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa
n?euenueeiainiiaea?nueeeo iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 03.00.09 –
aioiiieia?y, Iaoe?iiaeueiee aa?a?iee oi?aa?neoao, Ee?a, 1998.

Aea/aii ? ooi/iaii ?iciianthaeaeaiiy a Oe?a?i? iniiaieo aeae?a
oao?ai?oiaeo ee?u?a ? aecia/aii ?o aeaeiao ? noaae?eio /ooeea?noue aei
aea?eoeeae?a.

Iaa?oioiaaii oaeoeeo canoinoaaiiy aea?eoeeae?a i?ioe /a?aiiiai
ieiaeiaiai, cae/aeiiai iaaooeiiiai ? aeiaeiaiai ee?u?a, ui aeicaiey?
iiia?aaeeoe oi?ioaaiiy ?acenoaioiino?.

?aeiiaiaeiaaii ia?niaeoeai? aea?eoeeaee oa aecia/aii iioeiaeuei?
oaiieia?/i? no?iee ?o canoinoaaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi iaea?eueo /ooeeaiai
aei aea?eoeeae?a noaae?eiiai neeaaeo iiioeyoe?e.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: oao?ai?oia? ee?u?, aea?eoeeaee, ?acenoaioi?noue,
oiene/i?noue.

Aeaniaa I.A. Oieneeieiae/aneia iainiiaaiea oeie/aneeo niiniaia
caueou naaeiauo ianaaeaeaiee io oao?aieoiauo eeauae. ?oeiienue

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 03.00.09 – yioiiieiaey.
Iaoeeiiaeueiue aa?a?iue oieaa?neoao, Eeaa, 1998.

Eco/aii e ooi/iaii ?ani?ino?aiaiea a Oe?aeia iniiaiuo aeaeia
oao?aieoiauo eeauae e ii?aaeaeaii eo aeaeiaoth e noaaeeeioth
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue e aea?eoeeaeai.

Iainiiaaii oaeoeeo i?eiaiaiey aea?eoeeaeia i?ioea e?aniiai
ieiaeiaiai, iaueiiaaiiiai iaooeiiiai e aiy?uoieeiaiai eeauae, /oi
iicaieyao i?aaeioa?aoeoue oi?ie?iaaiea ?acenoaioiinoe.

?aeiiaiaeiaaii ia?niaeoeaiua aea?eoeeaeu e ii?aaeaeaiu
iioeiaeueiua oaiieiae/aneea n?iee eo i?eiaiaiey n o/aoii iaeaieaa
/oanoaeoaeueiiai e aea?eoeeaeai noaaeeeiiai ninoaaa iiioeyoeee.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: oao?aieoiaua eeaue, aea?eoeeaeu, ?acenoaioiinoue,
oiene/iinoue.

Vlasova O.G. The toxicological grounding of the chemical

protection methods of the orchards stands from the mites
(Tetranychidae). Manuscript. The dissertation on obtaining a scientific
degree of candidate agricultural sciences on a speciality 03.00.09 –
Entomology. National Agrarian University, Kiev, 1998.

It has been studied and stated in letails spreading the main
species of mites (Tetranychidae) in Ukraine and determined specific and
instar sensitivity of them to acaricides.

It has been substantiated a tactics of application of
acaricides against the mites that gives a possibility to avoid the
formation of resistence to pesticides in mites populations.

It has been recommended the prospective new acaricides and
stated the optimal phenological terms application of them taking into
account the most sensitive to acaricides stage composition of
populatiotions.

Key words: tetranychous mites, acaricides, resistense,
toxicity.

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