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Несуча здатність стиснутих залізобетонних елементів з врахуванням нелінійного і неоднорідного деформування та практичні методи їх розрахунку: Автореф.

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Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea

EOIN??O ?IAAe OAAeA? AAAAe

OAeE 624.012.45.044.046:539

IANO*A CAeAOI?NOUe NOENIOOEO CAE?CIAAOIIIEO

AEAIAIO?A C A?AOOAAIIssI IAE?I?EIIAI ?

IAIAeII??AeIIAI AeAOI?IOAAIIss OA I?AEOE*I?

IAOIAeE ?O ?IC?AOOIEO

Niaoe?aeuei?noue – 05.23.01 – Aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee

AAOI?AOA?AO

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Iieoaaa – 1999 ?.

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien.

?iaioa aeeiiaia a Iaeanuee?e aea?aeaai?e aeaaeai?? aoae?aieoeoaa oa
a?o?oaeoo?e, i?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?

Uaeeoiia Aaneeue A?eai?iae/

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e cae?ciaaoiiieo ? eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e (Iaeanueea
aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e).

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe – aeieoi? oaoi?/ieo iaoe

Oioeea? Aaea??e Naiaiiae/

i?ioani? eaoaae?e cae?ciaaoiiieo ? eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e (Oa?e?anueea
aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y i?nueeiai ainiiaea?noaa).

– eaiaeeaeao oaoi?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio

?iaiaee Noai?neaa ?aaiiae/

aeioeaio eaoaae?e cae?ciaaoiiieo ? eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e (Iieoaanueeee
aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea).

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa – I?eaei?i?ianueea aea?aeaaia aeaaeai?y aoae?aieoeoaa
oa a?o?oaeoo?e. I?i?noa?noaa ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Aei?i?iiao?ianuee.

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny « 22 » /a?aiy 1999 ?ieo i « 13 00 » aiaeei?
ia can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae 25.01.02 a Iieoaanueeiio
aea?aeaaiiio oaoi?/iiio oi?aa?neoao? ?iai? TH??y Eiiae?aothea ii
niaoe?aeueiino? 05.23.01 – «Aoae?aaeuei? eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee» ca aae?anith 314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo, 24,
aoae 234.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoeny a iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Iieoaanueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oaoi?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, ca aae?anith 314601, i. Iieoaaa, Ia?oio?aaiaaee i?iniaeo,
24.

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee « 18 » o?aaiy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee
Naiei I.A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA I?AOe?

AEOOAEUeI?NOUe OAIE. Noenioo? cae?ciaaoiii? noa?aei? ? iaeieie c
iaeaaaeeea?oeo aeaiaio?a aoaeeie?a ? nii?oae, ye? aecia/athoue ?o
iaae?ei?noue. O ca’yceo c oeei iiooe iaoiae?a, ye? caaacia/othoue iano/o
caeaoi?noue aeaiaio?a, a oaeiae aeicaieythoue aeyaeoe ?aca?ae aeiiii??
iaoa??ae?a, ? aeooaeueiei iai?yieii aeine?aeaeaiue.

Oni?oia ??oaiiy caaea/? iiaeeeaa o?eueee i?e eiiieaeniiio a?aooaaii?
?aaeueieo aeanoeainoae iaoa??ae?a: o?ce/ii? iae?i?eiino? aaoiio ?
a?iaoo?e, aieeao iaiaeii??aeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio ia?a??c?a ia ii??
aaoiio i?e noeneo, aieeao i?ioeano o??ueiiooai?aiiy ia ca?eueoaiiy
a?aae??ioo iai?oaeaiue, a?aooaaiiy noi?nii? ?iaioe a?iaoo?e ? aaoiio
noeniooi? ? ?icoyaiooi? cii, yea ae?aaea?oueny ia iniia? a?iioace
ieineeo ia?a??c?a. Iaiao?aeii oaeiae a?aoiaoaaoe niaoeeo?eo noi?nii?
?iaioe a?iaoo?e ? aaoiio a noeniooeo ciiao i?e ?iaio? aaoiio ia
niaaeath/?e ae?eyioe? ae?aa?aie noeneo, a?aooaaoe i?iaeie aeaiaio?a i?e
??cieo e?ioeaaeo aenoeaio?eneoaoao. Aeooaeuei?noue aea?aii? oaie
i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yie Ia?oi? Anaoe?a?inueei?
iaoeiai-oaoi?/ii? eiioa?aioe?? (1996) «Iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i? i?iaeaie
no/aniiai cae?ciaaoiio».

CA’ssCIE ?IAIOE C IAOEIAEIE IEAIAIE AEAAeAI??. ?iaioa aeeiiaia o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c ieaiii iaoeiai-aeine?aeieo ?ia?o eaoaae?e
cae?ciaaoiiieo ? eai’yieo eiino?oeoe?e Iaeanueei? aeaaeai??
aoae?aieoeoaa oa a?o?oaeoo?e ia 1996 – 2000 ??. ii i?iaeai?
«Aenia?eiaioaeueii-oai?aoe/i? aeine?aeaeaiiy i?oeiino?, aei?noeino? ?
o??ueiino?eeino? cae?ciaaoiiieo eiino?oeoe?e» ? ? iaeaaaeeea?oith
/anoeiith aeine?aeaeaiue ii oe?e i?iaeai?.

IAOA ? CAAeA*? AeINE?AeAEAIIss. Iniiaiith iaoith ?iaioe ? noai?aiiy
iiaiai iaoiaeo ioe?iee iano/i? caeaoiino? noeniooeo aeaiaio?a ?c
a?aooaaiiyi iae?i?eiiai ? iaiaeii??aeiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy oa i?aeoe/iiai
aeei?enoaiiy eiai a ?ic?aooieao i?e aeia?eueiiio ? iioeiaeueiiio
?ici?uaii? a?iaoo?e a ia?a?ac?.

Aeey ?aae?caoe?? iinoaaeaii? iaoe ?ica’ycoaaeenue caaea/?: ia iniia?
aeua ia?ae?/aieo oaeoi??a oa ?ioeo aeanoeainoae iaoa??ae?a io?eiaoe
aiae?oe/i? ? a?ao?/i? caeaaeiino? aeey ioe?iee iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai
noaio ia?a??c?a; aeyaeoe caeiiii??iino? a ?icaeoeo oeeo noai?a; io?eiaoe
i?ino? ?ic?aooieia? oi?ioee aeey aecia/aiiy ieiu? ia?a??c?a a?iaoo?e;
aecia/eoe aeiiii?/iee aoaeo cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo.

IAOEIAA IIAECIA IO?EIAIEO ?ACOEUeOAO?A. ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo
noeniooeo aeaiaio?a i?e eiiieaeniiio a?aooaaii? o?ce/ii? iae?i?eiino?
aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e, aieeao a?aae??ioo iai?oaeaiue ia ii?? aaoiio, aieeao
i?iaei?a aeaiaio?a ? i?ioeano o??ueiiooai?aiiy ia aaee/eio a?aie/ieo
coneeue. Iiaoaeiaai? a?ao?ee, ye? aeicaieythoue a?aeiiaeoenue a?ae
o?aaeeoe?eii? eeaneo?eaoe?? aeiaaee?a iicaoeaio?iaiai noeneo i?e
ia/eneaii? iano/i? caeaoiino? aeaiaio?a aai ieiu? ia?a??co a?iaoo?e.
Aiae?c ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue aeicaieea aeyaeoe
caeiiii??iino?, ye? aeicaieythoue ?ic?iaeoe iaoiae aecia/aiiy ieiu?
ia?a??co a?iaoo?e i?e iioeiaeueiiio ?? ?icoaooaaii? a ia?a??c?.

Ni?anoaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a oai?aoe/ieo ? aenia?eiaioaeueieo
aeine?aeaeaiue ??cieo aaoi??a i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aeinoia??i?noue ? oi/i?noue
?ic?iaeaiiai aaoi?ii iaoiaeo.

I?AEOE*IA CIA*AIIss IO?EIAIEO ?ACOEUeOAO?A.

Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue i???ioiaai? ia iioeiaeueia
i?iae-ooaaiiy noeniooeo aeaiaio?a c a?aooaaiiyi niaoeeo?ee ?iaioe
iaoa??ae?a. Aeey oe??? iaoe ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie ? i?ia?aie aeey
ia?niiaeueieo eiii’thoa??a.

A?aoiaiae?oe/iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo ieiu? ia?a??co a?iaoo?e iiaea aooe
aeei?enoaiee i?e noai?aii? ii?iaoeaieo aeieoiaio?a Oe?a?ie o oi?i?
iin?aieea ii ?ic?aooieo ia?a??c?a noeniooeo aeaiaio?a.

Ae?ace, ye? iienothoue caeaaei?noue i?ae iano/ith caeaoi?noth,
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie iaoa??ae?a ? aaiiao?e/ieie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie iiaeooue
aooe aeei?enoai? aeey ioe?iee ?acoeueoao?a aei?iaoaaiiy eiino?oeoe?e.

?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiue aeei?enoai? i?iaeoiith i?aai?caoe?th
Iaeanueeee *a?iiii?iae?i?iaeo. Iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo aeei?enoiaoaaeenue
oaeiae a o/aiaiio i?ioean? IAeAAA: a aeeieiiiiio i?iaeooaaii? ? a
eaeoe?eiiio eo?n?.

AI?IAAOe?ss ?ACOEUeOAO?A AeINE?AeAEAIUe. Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe??
iaaiai?thaaeenue ia i?aeia?iaeieo nai?ia?ao ii iiaeaethaaiith ?
iioei?caoe?? eiiiiceo?a (i. Iaeana 1997, 1998); ia iaoeiai-oaoi?/ieo
eiioa?aioe?yo i?ioani?nueei-aeeeaaeaoeueeiai neeaaeo IAeAAA (i. Iaeana
1996, 1997, 1998); ia i?aeia?iaeieo iaoeiai-iaoiaee/ieo eiioa?aioe?yo
«Oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee niaoe?ae?no?a a iaeano? aoae?aieoeoaa ?
a?o?oaeoo?e», Iaeana, IAeAAA (1997, 1998).

IOAE?EAOe??. Iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaiee a 7 noaooyo, ye?
iioae?eiaai? a ca??ieeao iaoeiaeo i?aoeue ? a 1 noaoo?, yea iioae?eiaaia
a iaoa??aeao iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?e.

NEEAAe AeENA?OAOe?? ? ?? NO?OEOO?A. Aeena?oaoe?y neeaaea?oueny c
ia?aaeiiae, i’yoe ?icae?e?a, aeniiae?a, nieneo e?oa?aoo?e ? aeiaeaoe?a.
Caaaeueiee ia’?i aeena?oaoe?? 240 noi??iie, a oiio /ene? iniiaiee oaeno
– 138, oaaeeoeue –10, ?enoie?a – 26, aeei?enoaieo a ?iaio? e?oa?aoo?ieo
aeaea?ae – 111 iaeiaioaaiue, aeiaeaoee – 102 noi??iee.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

A ia?aaeiia? iaa?oioiaaia iaiao?aei?noue aeeiiaiiy oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue noeniooeo cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a, oi?ioeth?oueny iaoa ?
caaea/? aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe.

A ia?oiio ?icae?e? i?eaaaeaiee iaeyae ?ai?oa aeeiiaieo
aenia?eiaioaeueieo, oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue ? iayaieo iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo. Iniaeeao oaaao i?eae?eaii aeine?aeaeaiiyi A.ss. Aa?aoeeiaa,
A.I. Aiiaea?aiei, A.I. Aaeeiaa, A.I. Aaiao?e, N.A. Aaae/a, A.A.
Aacniiiaa, I.N. Ai?eoainueeiai, I.O. Aaoiaiei, I.I. Aaicae?aa, I.A.
Aieeoaaa, TH.I. Aou?, A.A. Aeaao??ueiaa, A.I. Eociaoeiaa, N.A.
Iaaeaoyia, A.I. Ieo?ioaiiaa, A.E. Ii?eia, E.E. Iaiueoeia, ?.?.
I?ieiiiae/a, A.ss. ?ene?iaea, I.I. ?iiaiiaa, A.E. Neiiiiaa, E.A. Oaey,
?.A. O?aeoaeueaea, I.?. *enoyeiaa, A.N. Oioeea?a, A.A. Uaeeoiiaa, A.A.
ssoeia. A?aei?/a?oueny ei?eni?noue aei?iaoaaiue I.I. Ao?ia?aa, ?.?.
E?iaoa, O.A. ?eaaea ? ?io. a/aieo Oe?a?ie.

I?iaaaeaiee aiae?c iieacaa, ui iai?oaeaiee noai ia?a??c?a noeniooeo
aeaiaio?a aea/aiee iaaeinoaoiuei. A oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiiyo
?icaeyioo? ia an? oaeoi?e, ye? aieeaathoue ia iano/o caeaoi?noue. Aei
oaeeo oaeoi??a a?aeiineoueny: aieea iaiaeii??aeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio
noeniooeo cii ia ii?? aaoiio; oiiai?noue a?aieoe? i?ae ia?oei ? ae?oaei
aeiaaeeaie iicaoeaio?iaiai noeneo; aieea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ieiu? ia?a??c?a
?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi? a?iaoo?e ia caeiiii??iino?
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ia?a??c?a; iaiao?aeiee aea?? e?eoa??th
?oeioaaiiy ia?a??c?a aeecueeiai aei oaeoe/ii? noaae?? ?oeioaaiiy.

A?aei?/a?oueny, ui a iao /an iaeiie/aiee aaeeeee ia’?i ?acoeueoao?a
aenia?eiaio?a, ye? iiaeooue noaoe iniiaith aeey noai?aiiy iiaeo iaoiae?a
?ic?aooieo, ye? a?aoiaothoue oaeiae aieea i?iaei?a ia ca?eueoaiiy
aenoeaio?eneoao?a iicaeiaaei?o nee, a oaeiae aieea aeiaaio?eaaeiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy ia iano/o caeaoi?noue. I?e eiiieaeniiio a?aooaaii? ??cieo
oaeoi??a i?e aecia/aii? iano/i? caeaoiino? caaacia/o?oueny iaae?ei?noue
aeaiaio?a ? aeiiii?y a?iaoo?e.

A ae?oaiio ?icae?e? i?eaaaeai? iniiai? iai?yiee, ia?aaeoiiae ? iaoiaee
aeine?aeaeaiue. Iniiai? iai?yiee ? ia?aaeoiiae aeine?aeaeaiiy:

aeyaeaiiy ea?oeie iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ia?a??c?a noeniooeo
aeaiaio?a ? aeei?enoaiiy ?? aeey noai?aiiy iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo iano/i?
caeaoiino? ia iniia? oiia ??aiiaaae, a?iioace ieineeo ia?a??c?a ? iiaieo
ae?aa?ai aeaoi?ioaaiiy aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e, ye? i?aaenoaaeai?
aiae?oe/iith, a?ao?/iith aai oaaee/iith oi?iaie;

iiooe iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueiiai ni?aa?aeiioaiiy ieiu? ia?a??c?a
?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi? a?iaoo?e i?e yeiio ii?? a?iaoo?e
aeei?enoiao?oueny a?eueo iiaii, a iano/a caeaoi?noue iaeneiaeueia;

?ic?iaea i?aeoe/ieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo ia?a??c?a a?iaoo?e i?e ??
iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a ia?a??cao ? i?e eiiieaeniiio a?aooaaii?
an?o oaeoi??a, ye? aecia/athoue iano/o caeaoi?noue;

a?aooaaiiy aieeao iaiaeii??aeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio aaoiio noeniooeo
cii ia eiai ii?? noeneo ? aaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiaeeee aecia/aiiy
aeiaeaoeiaeo aenoeaio?eneoao?a iicaeiaaei?o coneeue ii aeaoi?iiaai?e
noai?;

a?aeiiaa a?ae o?aaeeoe?eii? eeaneo?eaoe?? aeiaaee?a iicaoeaio?iaiai
noeneo ? aaaaeaiiy iiai? eeaneo?eaoe?? ii aeaeo iai?oaeaiiai noaio
ia?a??c?a: ia?oee aeiaaeie – iai?oaeaiiy a ia?a??c? aeaicia/i?; ae?oaee
aeiaaeie – iai?oaeaiiy a ia?a??c? iaeiicia/i?.

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiue iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio ia?a??c?a
iniiaai? ia aeei?enoaii? ae?aa?aie aeaoi?ioaaiiy aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e.

; (1)

I?e ioe?ioe? iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiiai noaio aaoiio noeniooeo cii
aeei?enoiaoaaeanue ooieoe?y A.I. Aaeeiaa c a?aooaaiiyi ei?aeooaaiiy
iniiaieo ia?aiao??a oe??? ooieoe??, i?eaaaeaii? a ?iaioao A.A.
Uaeeoiiaa.

aea: SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e e – a?aeiinia aeaoi?iaoe?y aaoiio,
yea a?aeiia?aea? e?ioeth niaaeath/i? ae?eyiee ae?aa?aie noeneo;

SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e i – a?aeiinia aeaoi?iaoe?y aaoiio, yea
a?aeiia?aea? iaeneiaeueiiio iai?oaeaiith ia ae?aa?ai? noeneo;

oe – aenioa noeniooi? ciie aaoiio;

o – a?aenoaiue a?ae iaeo?aeueii? in? aei aieieia, yea ?icaeyaea?oueny;

– /eneia? cia/aiiy eiao?oe??io?a A, B, C, D, F aeey aaoii?a ??cieo
eean?a, ye? i?eaaaeai? a oaaeeoeyo;

SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max – ii?? aaoiio noeneo i?e
iaiaeii??aeiiio noeneo, yeee aecia/a?oueny ii oi?ioeao:

(3)

sseui aaaaeaoe ao?iio iiae?ai?noue ae?aa?ai noeniooiai ? ?icoyaiooiai
aaoiio, oi ooieoe?y (1) iiaea aooe aeei?enoaia aeey ioe?iee
iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiai noaio aaoiio a ?icoyaioo?e cii?. Oiae? a (1)
iaiao?aeii cai?noue SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max i?aenoaaeoe
Rbt.

Caeaaei?noue i?ae iai?oaeaiiyie ? aeaoi?iaoe?yie a?iaoo?e iiaea aooe
i?aaenoaaeaia a?aeiieie ooieoe?yie, cai?iiiiiaaieie TH.I. Aouath, A.I.
Aaeeiaei, N.A. Iaaeaoyiii, E.N. Aeoaeieaaeaaei, A.I. I?oaniaei.

Aeey aenieii?oeii? a?iaoo?e caeaaei?noue i?ae iai?oaeaiiyie ?
aeaoi?iaoe?yie i?iiiio?oueny ae?aceoe aeniiiaioe?aeueiith ooieoe??th

; (4)

?ic?iaeaii iaoiae a?aooaaiiy i?iaei?a noeniooeo aeaiaio?a ia ?o iano/o
caeaoi?noue. Io?eiai? oi?ioee aeey aecia/aiiy i?iaei?a aeaiaio?a c
oa?i??ieie iii?aie ? ??aieie e?ioeaaeie aenoeaio?eneoaoaie, c aei?noei
cae??ieaiith iii?ith ? a?eueiei aa?oi?i e?ioeai. ?acoeueoaoe ia/eneaiue
aenoeaio?eneoao?a cai?iiiiiaaiei iaoiaeii ni?anoaaeaii? c ?acoeueoaoaie
iaoiaeo NIeI.

?ic?iaeaii iaoiae a?aooaaiiy aieeao aeiaaio?eaaeiai iinooiiaiai
caaaioaaeaiiy ia iano/o caeaoi?noue aeaiaio?a, iniiaaiee ia
o?ainoi?iaoe?? ae?aa?ai noeneo ca ?aooiie ca?eueoaiiy a?aeiinieo
aeaoi?iaoe?e, a?aeiia?aeieo iaeneiaeueiiio iai?oaeaiith ia ae?aa?ai?
noeneo.

A o?aoueiio ?icae?e? io?eiai? ??aiyiiy aeey aecia/aiiy iano/i?
caeaoiino? ia?a??c?a i?e aeia?eueiiio ni?aa?aeiioaii? ieiu? ia?a??c?a
?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi? a?iaoo?e. I?e ia?oiio aeiaaeeo iicaoeaio?iaiai
noeneo aith?e iai?oaeaiue a ia?a??cao aeaicia/i? (?en.1). A?aie/iee noai
ia?a??c?a aeaiaio?a ii iano/?e caeaoiino? ianoa? a iiiaio, eiee
iai?oaeaiiy a noeniooiio aaoii? aeinyaathoue a?aie/ii? aaee/eie SYMBOL
115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max .

Aeei?enoiaoth/e iniiai? iieiaeaiiy ? ia?aaeoiiae, ye? iienai? a ae?oaiio
?icae?e?, io?eia? i?ney ia?aoai?aiue ??aiyiiy

(5)

; (6)

aea SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r – aeia?eueia a?aeiioaiiy As/A
SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c s;

SYMBOL 120 \f “Symbol” \s 14 x e – a?aeiinia aenioa noeniooi? ciie, yea
??aia xe / h0 ;

SYMBOL 97 \f “Symbol” \s 14 a 1, SYMBOL 97 \f “Symbol” \s 14 a 2 –
eiao?oe??ioe, ye? aecia/athoue iiaiioo aith? iai?oaeaiue ? ?icoaooaaiiy
??aiiae?th/i? a aaoii? noeniooi? ciie, ui aecia/a?oueny ii oi?ioeao aai
oaaeeoeyo.

O ae?oaiio aeiaaeeo iicaoeaio?iaiai noeneo a ia?a??cao aeaiaio?a
c’yaeythoueny o?eueee noeneoth/? iai?oaeaiiy (?en.2), a a?aie/iee noai
ii i?oeiino? ia?a??c iiiaaea? i?e aeinyaiaii? iai?oaeaiue a aaoii?
SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max.

Ooo, ye ? a ia?oiio aeiaaeeo iicaoeaio?iaiai noeneo, io?eia?ii ??aiyiiy:

; (7)

; (8)

??aiyiiy (5), (6), (7), (8) aeei?enoiaoaaeenue aeey aecia/aiiy iano/i?
caeaoiino? ia?a??c?a i?e ??cieo cia/aiiyo SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14
m t = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m + SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m
SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c , e/h0, Rs, Es, Rb, Eb. ??oaiiy caaea/
caiaeeoueny aei ia/eneaiiy iaoiaeii ?oa?aoe?? aaee/ei SYMBOL 101 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 e e1, SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e e, SYMBOL 115 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 s s, SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s SYMBOL 162 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 c s i?e yeeo iano/a caeaoi?noue aoaea iaeneiaeueiith,
i?eaaaeai? aeai?eoie aeey ia/eneaiiy iano/i? caeaoiino?.

Ioe?iea oi/iino? ??aiyiue (5), (6), (7), (8) aeeiio?oueny ni?anoaaeaiiyi
oai?aoe/ieo ?acoeueoao?a c aeine?aeieie aeaieie, ye? io?eiai? I.N.
Ai?eoainueeei, N.A. Aaae/ai, I.I. Aaiao?ith, Ae.A. Aaaaiei, I.I.
Eae?i?iei, E.A. Oaeai, ?.I. *enoyeiaei. Iniiai? aeai? ni?anoaaeai?
oaeiae c oai?aoe/ieie aeaiieie, io?eiaieie ii NIeI 2.03.01-84*.
Caaaeueia e?euee?noue aeine?aeieo c?ace?a – 74 oo.

A oaaeeoe? 1 aeey i?eeeaaeo ni?anoaaeaii? iano/a caeaoi?noue c?ace?a ii
aeine?aeao I.N. Ai?eoainueeiai, N.A. Aaae/a ? iano/a caeaoi?noue ii
cai?iiiiiaaiiio iaoiaeo. Ni?anoaaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeaeo? iaae?ei?noue
iaoiaeo ? eiai ia?aaaae, ye? iieyaathoue o aeyaeaii? ?aca?ao iano/i?
caeaoiino? ? nooo?ai? aeiiii?? a?iaoo?e.

Oaaeeoey. 1

Ni?anoaaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? oai?aoe/ieo aaee/ei iano/i?
caeaoiino?

?

i/i fiiuo

ni fmax

iaoiae

ni Ae f ,

% NNIeI

Noai?,

eI Niiuo,

eI Ae Niao.

% Ae NNIeI,

% Na?aaei?

a?aeoee.

Ae N iao.

SYMBOL 190 \f “Symbol” \s 12 3/4

Ae f

% Na?aaei?

a?aeoee.

Ae NNIeI

%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Ai?eoainueeee I.N.

1 — — — 776.1 816 805 1.36 -3.6

2 — — — 689 735 723 1.65 -5

3 — — — 424 438.5 463 -5.3 -8.4

4 — — — 501 491 529 -7.2 -5.3

5 — — — 337.7 334.8 396.5 -15.5 -15

6 — — — 324 318.4 393 -18.9 -17.5

7 — — — 442 481.3 462 4.1 -4.3

8 — — — 515 505 572.2 -11.7 -10

9 — — — 481 493.1 505.2 -2.4 -5

10 — — — 182 197.7 197.4 0 -1.8

11 — — — 850 1093 1070 2.1 -20

12 — — — 933 1065 1103 -3.44 -15.4

13 — — — 1685 1712 1771 -3.33 -4.8

14 — — — 1210 1325 1385 -4.33 -12.6 -3.6

-4.04

-6.84

15 — — — 1165 1219 1252 -2.63 -7

16 — — — 1071 1185 1219 -2.78 -12.2

17 2.71 2.52 7 952 1082 1136 -4.7 -16.2

18 5.81 5.9 -9 375 301 313.5 -3.98 -12.3

19 5.34 5.47 -2.4 205 189 184 2.71 11.4

20 2.78 3.32 -19.4 913 988 1003 -1.5 -9

21 4.56 4.38 3.9 467 429 445.5 -3.7 5

22 1.91 1.77 7.3 643 682 704 -3.1 -8.6

23 1.91 1.68 12 634 685 711 -3.6 -10.8

24 4.74 5.68 -19.8 345 310 330 -6 4.5

25 3.96 5.04 -27.2 360 357 383.5 -6.9 -11.3

26 4.04 5.23 -29.4 141 139 130.6 6.4 7.9

27 4.88 3.73 23.5 802 858 887 -3.2 -9.6

28 — 4.6 — 556 584 614 -4.88 -9.4

Aaae/ N. A.

29 — 6.78 — 66 65.2 69.2 -5.7 -4.6

30 — 3.55 — 85 84.1 90 -6.5 -5.5

31 — 2.73 — 135 136 140.8 -3.4 -4.1

32 — 2.85 — 82 83.1 95.5 -12.9 -14.1 -5.47 -10

33 — 1.0 — 131 134 140.5 -4.6 -6.7

34 — 0.9 — 101 99.5 107.5 -7.2 -6

35 — 0.85 — 197 199 195 2 1

Iaae?ei?noue cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo ? eiai ia?aaaae
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoueny oaeiae ni?anoaaeaiiyi iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a c
?acoeueoaoaie iaoiaeo E.E. Iaiueo?ia ? A.E. N?iiiiaa oa c ?acoeueoaoaie
iaoiaeo NIeI 2.03.01-84*.

A /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e? aeine?aeaeoaaeanue iano/a caeaoi?noue aeaiaio?a
i?e iioeiaeueiiio a?aeiioaii? ieiu? ia?a??c?a ?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi?
a?iaoo?e. Iinoaaeaia caaea/a ii aecia/aiith iioeiaeueieo cia/aiue
SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r =As /As SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c
aeey oe?ieiai ae?aiaciio eiie?aoieo cia/aiue e/h0 ? SYMBOL 109 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 m t = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m + SYMBOL 109 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c , i?e yeeo iai?oaeaiiy
a a?iaoo?? ? iano/a caeaoi?noue aoaeooue iaeneiaeuei?. Caaea/a
ae??ooaaeanue iaoiaeii ?oa?aoe?? ia iniia? ??aiyiue (5), (6), (7), (8),
ye?, ye iieacaii a /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e?, ? aiae?oe/iei ?ino?oiaioii aeey
aeyaeaiiy caeiiii??iinoae a iai?oaeaii-aeaoi?iiaaiiio noai? ia?a??c?a.

Aeey ??oaiiy caaea/? ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoi ? i?ia?aia aeey ia?niiaeueiiai
eiii’thoa?a. Iiaoaeiaai? a?ao?/i? caeaaeiino? i?ae iano/ith caeaoi?noth
? e/h0 , a oaeiae caeaaeiino? i?ae iai?oaeaiiyie, aeaoi?iaoe?yie aaoiio
? a?iaoo?e ? e/h0 i?e ??cieo SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m t =
SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m + SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL
162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c aeey aeaiaio?a, ye? aeaioiaeai? c aeei?enoaiiyi
??cieo eean?a aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e. Oe? caeaaeiino? i?eaaaeai? a aeiaeaoeao
aeena?oaoe??. Ia ?en. 3, 4 i?eaaaeai? a?ao?/i? caeaaeiino? i?ae
ia?ae?/aieie aaee/eiaie aeey aaoiio A 30 ? a?iaoo?e A-IV i?e e/h0 =
0,5…0,9.

Aiae?c a?ao?/ieo caeaaeiinoae aeicaieea aeyaeoe iia? caeiiii??iino? a
ci?i? iano/i? caeaoiino? ia?a??c?a, iioeiaeueieo cia/aiue SYMBOL 114 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 r = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m / SYMBOL 109 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c , iai?oaeaiue ?
aeaoi?iaoe?e aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e. Anoaiiaeai? caeaaeiino? cia/ii
ni?iuothoue iaoiaeeeo i?aeoe/ieo ?ic?aooie?a ia?a??c?a.

sseui i?e caaeaiiio cia/aii? ii?iaeueii? neee N, oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie
Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae a?nnth i?aeeiao ? e?eaith I-I
(?en.3), oi ia?a??c aoaea iiai?noth noeniooei iaeii??aeia ? ii?? aaoiio
noeneo SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max = Rb, a SYMBOL 115 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 s s = Rsc. Iioeiaeueia a?aeiioaiiy SYMBOL 114 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 r i?ae e?eaith I-I ? a?nnth i?aeeiao ci?ieoueny a iaaeao
1,0…0.

?en. 3. Caeaaeiino? i?ae Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 (a) ? i?ae
iioeiaeueiei cia/aiiyi SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r = SYMBOL 109
\f “Symbol” \s 14 m / SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 c ? e/h0 (a) (eeane iaoa??ae?a B 30; A-IV)

?en. 4. Caeaaeiino? i?ae SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s sc ? e/h0
(a); SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e sc ? e/h0 (a); SYMBOL 115
\f “Symbol” \s 14 s bc ? e/h0 (A); SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s
14 e e1 ? e/h0 (A) (eeane iaoa??ae?a B 30; A-IV)

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie I-I ? II-II (?en.3), oi aanue ia?a??c aoaea noeniooei
iaiaeii??aeia ? ii?? aaoiio SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max > Rb,
iioeiaeueia a?aeiioaiiy SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r = 0 ? As
SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s s= 0 .

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie II-II ? III-III, oi ia?a??c noeniooee iaiaeii??aeia ? /anoeiai,
SYMBOL 115 \f “Symbol” \s 14 s b max > Rb.

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny ni?aaa
a?ae e?eai? IV – IV, oi iioeiaeueia a?aeiioaiiy SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol”
\s 14 r > 0 ? ieiua ia?a??co ?icoyaiooi? a?iaoo?e aecia/a?oueny
?ic?aooieaie.

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie IV-IV ? V-V, oi iioeiaeueia a?aeiioaiiy SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol”
\s 14 r 1,0 ? a ia?a??c? aoaea ia?aaaaeaoe ?icoyaiooa
a?iaoo?a. sseui ae oi/ee aoaeooue ?icoaoiaoaaoenue ia e?ea?e V-V, oi
iioeiaeueiei aoaea neiao?e/ia a?ioaaiiy.

I?eaaaeaiee iaoiae iiooeo aa??aio?a a?ioaaiiy c i?i?iaeueiith oe?iith
iaeeieoe? ia’?io aeaiaio?a. Iaoiae iaa?oioiaaiee ia aaaaeaii? iiiyooy
i?i ieoiio a?aeiinio oe?io 1i3 cae?ciaaoiio ? ia?aaeaa/a? aeei?enoaiiy
a?ao?/ieo caeaaeiinoae Nna//bh0Rb e e/h0 .

A i’yoiio ?icae?e? cai?iiiiiaai? i?aeoe/i? iaoiaee ?ic?aooieo ieiu?
ia?a??c?a ?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi? a?iaoo?e i?e ?o iioeiaeueiiio
ni?aa?aeiioaii?, yea caaacia/o? iaea?eueo iiaia aeei?enoaiiy i?oeiinieo
oa?aeoa?enoee a?iaoo?e ? aaoiio. Cai?iiiiiaai? iaoiaee iaa?oioiaai?
caeiiii??iinoyie, ye? aeeeaaeai? a /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e?.

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
a?nnth i?aeeiao ? e?eaith I-I (?en.3), oi c oiia ??aiiaaae io?eia?

; (10)

Iiaeeeaee a?aoiaiae?oe/iee i?aeo?ae aei aecia/aiiy As ? A SYMBOL 162 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 c s .

aea SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m
/ SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c
aecia/a?oueny a?ao?/iei iaoiaeii ii a?ao?eai, ye? i?eaaaeai? a
aeiaeaoeao.

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie I-I ? II-II (?en.3), oi

; (13)

; (14)

A?aeiinia aeaoi?iaoe?y SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e e1 , yea
aoiaeeoue a (14), aecia/a?oueny ii a?ao?eao aeiaeaoe?a.

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie II-II ? IV-IV (?en.3), oi As = 0, a A SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s
14 c s ia/eneth?oueny ii oi?ioeao

; (15)

; (16)

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?ae
e?eaeie IV-IV ? V-V, oi a?ao?/iei iaoiaeii ciaoiaeeii SYMBOL 109 \f
“Symbol” \s 14 m t ? SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r ? iio?i ia/eneth?
SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c =
SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m t (1+ SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r );
SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m t
SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r /(1+ SYMBOL 114 \f “Symbol” \s 14 r );
As = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m bh0; A SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s
14 c s = SYMBOL 109 \f “Symbol” \s 14 m SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c
bh0. Oiae? ieiua ia?a??co As ??aia

; (17)

; (18)

sseui oi/ee c eii?aeeiaoaie Nna//bh0Rb ? e/h0 ?icoaoiaothoueny i?aai?o/
e?eai? V-V , oi a?ao?/iei iaoiaeii ciaoiaeeii aeaoi?iaoe?? SYMBOL 101
\f “Symbol” \s 14 e e ? SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e st ? ia/eneth?ii
oe = (h0 . SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e e) / ( SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol”
\s 14 e e + SYMBOL 101 \f “Symbol” \s 14 e st). Oiae? ia/eneeii A
SYMBOL 162 \f “Symbol” \s 14 c s ii (15) ? As ii (17).

I?eaaaeai? i?eeeaaee ?ic?aooieo cai?iiiiiaaiei iaoiaeii oa iaoiaeii NIeI
2.03.01-84*. Ni?anoaaeaiiy ?acoeueoao?a i?aeoaa?aeaeo? iaae?ei?noue ?
aeiiii?/i?noue cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo.

AENIIAEE

Aiae?c aenia?eiaioaeueieo ? oai?aoe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue iieacaa, ui
iano/a caeaoi?noue noeniooeo aeaiaio?a aea/aia iaaeinoaoiuei.

I?aeoe/ii ia aea/ai? caeiiii??iino? oi?ioaaiiy iai?oaeaiiai noaio
ia?a??c?a i?e iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a?iaoo?e a ia?a??cao, ia
a?aoiao?oueny, ye i?aaeei, aieea iaiaeii??aeiiai iai?oaeaiiai noaio
noeniooeo cii ia ii?? aaoiio, a?aenooi? eiie?aoi? i?iii?oe?? ii
a?aooaaiith noi?nii? ?iaioe aenieii?oeii? a?iaoo?e ? aaoiio, yeee
i?aoeth? ia niaaeath/?e ae?eyioe? ae?aa?aie noeneo, iacaaeia?eueiith ?
eeaneo?eaoe?y iicaoeaio?iaiai noeneo, yea i?eeiyoa a NIeI 2.03.01-84*,
iaoiae a?aooaaiiy aieeao i?iaei?a ia iano/o caeaoi?noue aeaiaio?a ia
iia’ycaiee c? noaae??th, yea iieeaaeaia a iniiao ?ic?aooieo i?oeiino?
ia?a??c?a.

Eiiieaenia a?aooaaiiy aeua ia?ae?/aieo ? ?ioeo oaeoi??a, ui nooo?ai
aieeaathoue ia iano/o caeaoi?noue noeniooeo aeaiaio?a, iaiao?aeia i?e
noai?aii? i?aeoe/ieo iaoiae?a ?ic?aooieo, ye? caaacia/othoue
iaae?ei?noue aeaiaio?a ? aeiiii?th iaoa??ae?a.

A no/aniee /an iaeiie/aiee aaeeeee ia’?i aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo, oiio
aeey ??oaiiy iniiaieo caaea/ aea?ai? oai?aoe/i? iaoiaee iaa?oioiaai?
oiiaaie ??aiiaaae, a?iioacith ieineeo ia?a??c?a, iiaieie ae?aa?aiaie
aeaoi?ioaaiiy aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e, ye? i?aaenoaaeai? a aiae?oe/i?e ?
a?ao?/i?e oi?i?. Ae?aa?aie aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e i?eeiyo? ia iniia? a?aeiieo
?aeiiaiaeaoe?e, aea c aianaiiyi ei?aeoea, ye? a?aeia?aaeathoue iia?
a?aeiiino? i?i i?oei?noue ? aeaoi?iaoeai?noue aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e.

3. I?eaaaeai? aeua ia?aaeoiiae noaee iniiaith aeey ?ic?iaioee iiaiai
iaoiaeo ?ic?aooieo noeniooeo aeaiaio?a c ??cieie aenoeaio?eneoaoaie
ii?iaeueieo nee ? i?e ??cieo eeanao aaoiio ? a?iaoo?e. Ni?anoaaeaiiy
aeine?aeieo ?oei?aieo coneeue c oai?aoe/ieie iieacaei, ui na?aaei?
aeine?aei? aaee/eie caaaeaee ia?aaeuothoue oai?aoe/i? ia 4,5…5,5 %.
Oaeei /eiii, ni?anoaaeaiiy aeine?aeieo ? oai?aoe/ieo cia/aiue
i?aeoaa?aeaeo? oi/i?noue ? iaae?ei?noue iiaiai iaoiaeo ?ic?aooieo.

Ni?anoaaeaiiy oai?aoe/ieo aaee/ei iano/i? caeaoiino?, yea aecia/a?oueny
cai?iiiiiaaiei iaoiaeii ? iaoiaeii NIeI 2.03.01-84* ? iaoiaeaie ?ioeo
aeine?aeiee?a aeyaey? ?aca?a iano/i? caeaoiino? ? ?aca?a aeiiii??
iaoa??ae?a, iniaeeai nooo?aee i?e aeei?enoaii? aenieii?oeii? a?iaoo?e.

4. Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoiae aecia/aiiy iano/i? caeaoiino? aeei?enoaiee
i?e iiooeo iioeiaeueieo ni?aa?aeiioaiue ieiu? ?icoyaiooi? ? noeniooi?
a?iaoo?e. Aeyaeai? caeiiii??iino? ci?ie ia?aiao??a, ye? aecia/athoue
aaee/eio iano/i? caeaoiino?, ui aeicaiey? ni?inoeoe ?ic?aooiie.

Cai?iiiiiaaiei iaoiaeii iiaoaeiaai? a?ao?ee, ye? anoaiiaeththoue
caeaaei?noue i?ae iano/ith caeaoi?noth ? aaee/eiith aenoeaio?eneoaoo i?e
iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a?iaoo?e a ia?a??c? ? i?e aeei?enoaii? aaoiio
? a?iaoo?e ??cieo eean?a.

Aeiiii?/ia aoaeoeai?noue iioeiaeueiiai ?icoaooaaiiy a?iaoo?e a ia?a??cao
i?aeoaa?aeaeo?oueny ii??aiyiiyi ieoiii? oe?ie iaeeieoe? ia’?io aeaiaioo
i?e ??cieo aenoeaio?eneoaoao, eiao?oe??ioao a?ioaaiiy ? eeanao aaoiio ?
a?iaoo?e. Cieaeaiiy oe?ie iiaea aeinyaaoe 20% ? a?eueoa i?e aa??thaaii?
aeiiieo.

5. Ia iniia? caeiiii??iinoae, iienaieo a /aoaa?oiio ?icae?e?, ?ic?iaeaii
i?aeoe/iee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo ia?a??co a?iaoo?e, yeee caaacia/o?
iioeiaeueia ?icoaooaaiiy a?iaoo?e a ia?a??c? ? iaeneiaeueia aeei?enoaiiy
?? iii?o i?e ?icoyao ? noeneo.

Ia?aaaaa cai?iiiiiaaiiai iaoiaeo iieyaa? a i?inoio? ? aeinoaoi?e
oi/iino?, yea caaacia/o?oueny aeei?enoaiiyi aeia?a ia?aa??aiiai aia?aoo
aeine?aeaeaiue ? eiiieaeniei i?aeoiaeii aei a?aooaaiiy iaiaeii??aeiiai ?
iae?i?eiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy aaoiio, aieeao i?iaei?a ia aaee/eio
aenoeaio?eneoao?a ii?iaeueieo nee, aieeao aeiaaio?eaaeiai iinooiiaiai
caaaioaaeaiiy ? ?ioeo oaeoi??a.

Aeey aecia/aiiy ieiu? ia?a??c?a a?iaoo?e ?ic?iaeai? aeai?eoie, ye?
ia?aaeaa/athoue aeei?enoaiiy oi?ioe, ui i?eaaaeai? a i’yoiio ?icae?e? ?
a?ao?e?a, i?eaaaeaieo a aeiaeaoeao aei aeena?oaoe??

Cai?iiiiiaaiee iaoiae ?ic?aooieo iiaea aooe aeei?enoaiee i?e noai?aii?
aeieoiaio?a Oe?a?ie ii ?ic?aooieo cae?ciaaoiiieo eiino?oeoe?e.

Nienie iioae?eiaaieo i?aoeue

1) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoin??o ?iaae. Iano/a caeaoi?noue iicaoeaio?iai
noeniooeo aeaiaio?a ? iioeiaeueia ?ici?uaiiy a?iaoo?e a ia?a??cao // Ca.
iaoeiaeo noaoae. I?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee aoae?aieoeoaa. Aeaeaaieoeoai
aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo Euea?anueea iie?oaoi?ea. – Euea?a: – 1997. –
N. 202-205. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a – aeo?aei? ??aiyiiy, ia/eneaiiy ?o
ia?aiao??a, iaoiaeeea ??oaiiy caaea/? ii aecia/aiith iano/i? caeaoiino?
ia?a??c?a c a?aooaaiiyi iae?i?eiiai ? iaiaeii??aeiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy).

2) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoineao Eiaae. ?an/?o ii aeaoi?ie?iaaiiie noaia e
iioeiaeueiia a?ie?iaaiea aiaoeaio?aiii naeaouo yeaiaioia // Ca. iaoeiaeo
noaoae. I?iaeaie oai??? ? i?aeoeee cae?ciaaoiio. – Iieoaaa: -1997. – N.
485 – 488. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a – iniiai? caeaaeiino? aeey aecia/aiiy
iano/i? caeaoiino? ia?a??c?a i?e iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a?iaoo?e,
iiaoaeiaa a?ao?/ieo caeaaeiinoae iano/i? caeaoiino? a?ae aaee/eie
aenoeaio?eneoao?a c a?aooaaiiyi i?iaei?a aeaiaio?a).

3) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoineao Eiaae. I?i/iinoue e iioeiaeueiia a?ie?iaaiea
naeaouo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo yeaiaioia //Ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae. – oii 3.
Aeooaeuei? i?iaeaie aiaeiiai ainiiaea?noaa. Iia? iaoa??aee, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee. – ??aia: – 1997. – N. 62- 64. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a –
??aiyiiy ??aiiaaae ? noi?niino? aeaoi?iaoe?e, iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooie?a
aeaiaio?a ii aeaoi?iiaai?e noai?).

4) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoineao Eiaae. A?aoiaiaeeoe/aneee iaoiae ?an/?oa
aiaoeaio?aiii naeaouo yeaiaioia i?e iaeiicia/iuo iai?yaeaieyo a na/aieyo
(Oe SYMBOL 179 \f “Symbol” \s 14 ? h) // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo noaoae.
No?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, no?ieoaeueiua iaoa?eaeu, eiaeaia?iua
nenoaiu, yeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu – Iaeana: – IAeAAA – 1998. – N. 8 – 11.
(Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a – iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo ia?a??c?a i?e
iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a?iaoo?e, aeaaaeaiiy oi?ioe, ?ic?iaea oa
iiaoaeiaa a?ao?e?a).

5) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoineao Eiaae. I?aeoe/aneee iaoiae ii?aaeaeaiey
ieiuaaee na/aiey a?iaoo?u aiaoeaio?aiii naeaouo yeaiaioia // Ca??iee
iaoeiaeo noaoae. Noaeacae?ciaaoiii? eiino?oeoe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy,
i?iaeooaaiiy, aoae?aieoeoai, aenieoaoaoe?y. – E?eaee ??a: – 1998.- N.
243-245. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a – aiae?c iai?oaeaiiai noaio ia?a??c?a
i?e ??cieo aenoeaio?eneoaoao ii?iaeueieo nee ? eiao?oe??ioao a?ioaaiiy,
?ic?iaea a?aoi-aiie?oe/iiai iaoiaeo ?ic?aooieo).

6) Uaeeoiia A.A., Eoineao Eiaae. E ?an/?oo ianouae niiniaiinoe
aeeeoaeueii naeaouo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo yeaiaioia i?e ?acee/iuo ?aaeeiao
caa?oaeaiey //Na. iao/iuo o?oaeia. Iieco/anoue a eiino?oeoeeyo. –
Iaeanna: – IAANA – 1998.- N. 110 -113. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a –
iaoiaeeea a?aooaaiiy aieeao aeiaaio?eaaeiai caaaioaaeaiiy ia iano/o
caeaoi?noue ia?a??c?a).

7) Eoin??o ?iaae. Iaaeeaeaiiee iaoiae iae?eo aieeao i?iaei?a noeniooeo
aeaiaio?a ia ?o iano/o caeaoi?noue // Ca??iee iaoeiaeo i?aoeue.
?ano?niaeiiiii? iaoa??aee, Eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa nii?oaee. – Aei.
?2. – ??aia: – 1999. – N. 121-123. (Aeania o/anoue aaoi?a – iaoiaeeea
iae?eo aieeao i?iaei?a iicaoeaio?iai noeniooeo cae?ciaaoiiieo aeaiaio?a
ia iano/o caeaoi?noue ia?a??c?a).

8) Eoineao Eiaae. Ianouay niiniaiinoue aaoiia e aeaeaciaaoiia i?e
iaiaeii?iaeiii ninoiyiee, iiaeaee e /eneaiiua iaoiaeu a? ii?aaeaeaiey //
Iaoa?eaeu e 36 iaaeaeoia?iaeiiio naieia?o – IIE -36. – Iaeanna: – 1997.
– N. 97. (Iniiai? aeo?aei? iieiaeaiiy ?ac?aooieo iano/i? caeaoiino?
aaoiio ? cae?ciaaoiio i?e iaiaeii??aeiiio iai?oaeaiiio noai?).

AIIOAOe??

Eoin??o ?iaae Oaaea? Aaaae. Iano/a caeaoi?noue noeniooeo cae?ciaaoiiieo
aeaiaio?a c a?aooaaiiyi iae?i?eiiai ? iaiaeii??aeiiai aeaoi?ioaaiiy ?
i?aeoe/i? iaoiaee ?o ?ic?aooieo – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa oaoi?/ieo iaoe
ii niaoe?aeueiino? 05.23.01 – Aoae?aaeueiee eiino?oeoe??, aoae?ae? oa
nii?oaee – Iieoaanueeee aea?aeaaiee oaoi?/iee oi?aa?neoao ?iai? TH??y
Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999 ?.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia ?icaeoeo iaoiaeo ioe?iee iano/i? caeaoiino?
noeniooeo aeaiaio?a ? i?aeoe/iiai aeei?enoaiiy eiai a ?ic?aooieao i?e
aeia?eueiiio ? iioeiaeueiiio ?icoaooaaii? a?iaoo?e a ia?a??c?.

Io?eiai? ??aiyiiy, iiaoaeiaai? a?ao?ee, ?ic?iaeai? iaoiaeeee ? aeai?eoie
aeey aecia/aiiy ieiu? ia?a??co a?iaoo?e ? iaeneiaeueii? iano/i?
caeaoiino? ia?a??co. Ni?anoaaeaii? ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeieo ? oai?aoe/ieo
aeine?aeaeaiue, i?eaaaeai? i?eeeaaee ?ic?aooieo ieiu? ia?a??co a?iaoo?e
ii cai?iiiiiaai?e iaoiaeeoe? ? ii iaoiaeo NIeI.

?ic?iaeaia i?aeoe/ia iaoiaeeea ?ic?aooieo iicaoeaio?iai noenio-oeo
aeaiaio?a, i?eaaaeai? i?eeeaaee ?ic?aooieo.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: noenioo? aeaiaioe, iioeiaeueia a?ioaaiiy, iano/a
caeaoi?noue, iae?i?eia aeaoi?ioaaiiy, iaiaeii??aeiee noene, ii??
iaoa??ae?a, i?iaei.

Eoineao Eiaae Oaaea? Aaaae. Ianouay niiniaiinoue naeaouo aeaeaciaaoiiiuo
yeaiaioia n o/?oii iaeeiaeiiai e iaiaeii?iaeiiai aeaoi?ie?iaaiey e
i?aeoe/aneea iaoiaeu eo ?an/?oa – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/?iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oaoie/aneeo iaoe
ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 05.23.01- No?ieoaeueiua eiino?oeoeee, caeaiey e
nii?oaeaiey – Iieoaaneee ainoaea?noaaiiue oaoie/aneee oieaa?neoao eiaie
TH?ey Eiiae?aothea, Iieoaaa, 1999 a.

Niaea?aeaiea aeenna?oaoeee. I?aaeeneiaea. Iainiiaaia aeooaeueiinoue,
iao/iay iiaecia e i?aeoe/aneay oeaiiinoue ?aaiou, aeaia a? iauay
oa?aeoa?enoeea.

A ia?aie aeaaa i?eaaaeai iaci? ?aiaa auiieiaiiuo ?aaio, iieacaaoee, /oi
iai?yaeaiiia ninoiyiea na/aiee naeaouo yeaiaioia eco/aii iaaeinoaoi/ii:
ia o/oaii aeeyiea iaiaeii?iaeiiai iai?yaeaiiiai ninoiyiey na/aiee ia
nii?ioeaeaiea naeaoiai aaoiia; i?aeoe/anee ia eco/aii aeeyiea
niioiioaiey ieiuaaee na/aiee ?anoyiooie e naeaoie a?iaoo?u, i?eiyoue
?aiaa e?eoa?ee ?ac?ooaiey na/aiee ia niioaaonoaoao oaeoe/aneie noaaeee
?ac?ooaiey; iaoiaeu o/?oa i?iaeaia yeaiaioia e o/?oa aeeyiey
aeeeoaeueiiai aeaenoaey iaa?ocee ioaeaeathony a aeaeueiaeoai ?acaeoee.
Iainiiaai eiiieaeniue iiaeoiae e ii?aaeaeaieth ianouae niiniaiinoe
na/aiee n o/?oii ?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia.

Ai aoi?ie aeaaa i?eaaaeaiu iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey i?aaeiinueee e
aiaeeoe/aneee aiia?ao aeey auyaeaiey ea?oeiu
iai?yaeaiii-aeaoi?ie?iaaiiiai ninoiyiey na/aiee e nicaeaiey iaoiaea
ii?aaeaeaiey ianouae niiniaiinoe na/aiee i?e eiiieaeniii o/?oa ?acee/iuo
oaeoi?ia.

A o?aoueae aeaaa iieo/aiu o?aaiaiey aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ianouae
niiniaiinoe na/aiee yeaiaioia i?e i?iecaieueiii niioiioaiee ieiuaaee
na/aiee ?anoyiooie e naeaoie a?iaoo?u. O?aaiaiey ninoaaeaiu ia iniiaa
iiaie eeanneoeeaoeee aiaoeaio?aiiiai naeaoey: ia?aue neo/ae –
iai?yaeaiey a na/aieyo aeaocia/iu; aoi?ie neo/ae – iai?yaeaiey a
na/aieyo iaeiicia/iu.

Niiinoaaeaiea iiuoiuo ?ac?ooathueo oneeee n oai?aoe/aneeie
?ac?ooathueie oneeeyie iieacaei, /oi n?aaeiea iiuoiua aaee/eiu oneeee ii
anai a?oiiai enneaaeoaiuo ia?acoeia anaaaea i?aauoatho oai?aoe/aneea
aaee/eiu, /oi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao iaaeaaeiinoue i?aaeeaaaaiiai iaoiaea e
iaia?oaeeaaao ?aca?a ianouae niiniaiinoe yeaiaioia, eioi?ue iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaai eae ?aca?a aeey yeiiiiee iaoa?eaeia.

Iaaeaaeiinoue iaoiaea e aai i?aeiouanoaa iiaeoaa?aeaeathony oaeaea
niiinoaaeaieai ?acoeueoaoia, iieo/aiiuo i?aaeeaaaaiui iaoiaeii, iaoiaeii
NIeI 2.03.01-84* e iaoiaeeee ae?oaeo enneaaeiaaoaeae.

A /aoaa?oie aeaaa enneaaeiaaeanue ianouay niiniaiinoue yeaiaioia i?e
iioeiaeueiii ioiioaiee ieiuaaee na/aiey ?anoyiooie e naeaoie a?iaoo?u.
Aiaeeoe/aneei eino?oiaioii enneaaeiaaiee yaeyeenue o?aaiaiey,
i?eaaaeaiiua a o?aoueae aeaaa.

Iino?iaiu a?aoe/aneea caaeneiinoe iaaeaeo yenoeaio?eneoaoii e ianouae
niiniaiinoueth, iai?yaeaieyie e aeaoi?iaoeeyie aaoiia e a?iaoo?u i?e
?acee/iuo noiia?iuo eiyooeoeeaioao a?ie?iaaiey ?acee/iuo eeannao aaoiia
e a?iaoo?u.

Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiee iicaieee iaia?oaeeoue iiaua
caeiiiia?iinoe a eciaiaiee ianouae niiniaiinoe na/aiee, iioeiaeueiuo
ioiioaiee na/aiee ?anoyiooie e naeaoie a?iaoo?u, iai?yaeaiee e
aeaoi?iaoeee aaoiia e a?iaoo?u.

Onoaiiaeaiiua caeiiiia?iinoe cia/eoaeueii oi?iuatho iaoiaeeeo
i?aeoe/aneeo ?an/?oia na/aiee ca n/?o nie?auaiey eiee/anoaa eneiiuo
aaee/ei aeey ii?aaeaeaiey eioa?aaeia cia/aiee yenoeaio?eneoaoia.

I?eaaaeai iaoiae iienea aa?eaioia a?ie?iaaiey n ieieiaeueiie
noieiinoueth aaeeieoeu iauaia yeaiaioia.

A iyoie aeaaa ?ac?aaioaiu i?aeoe/aneea iaoiaeu ?an/?oa ieiuaaee na/aiee
?anoyiooie e naeaoie a?iaoo?u i?e eo iioeiaeueiii niioiioaiee, eioi?ia
iaania/eaaao iaeaieaa iieiia eniieueciaaiea i?i/iinoiuo oa?aeoa?enoee
a?iaoo?u e aaoiia.

I?eaaaeaiu i?eia?u ?an/?oa, iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea iaaeaaeiinoue e
yeiiiie/iinoue i?aaeeaaaaiiai iaoiaea.

A auaiaeao ioia/aaony i?aeiouanoai i?aaeeaaaaiiai iaoiaea, ninoiyuaa a
i?inoioa, aeinoaoi/iie oi/iinoe e yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe,
iaania/eaaaiie iioeiaeueiui ?aciauaieai a?iaoo?u, o/?oii caeiiiia?iinoae
eciaiaiey iai?yaeaiee e aeaoi?iaoeee a a?iaoo?a e aaoiia,
iaiaeii?iaeiinoueth e iaeeiaeiinoueth aeaoi?ie?iaaiey aaoiia e ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia.

Aeey oi?iuaiey au/eneaiee ieiuaaee na/aiey a?iaoo?u ?ac?aaioaiu
aeai?eoiu e aniiiiaaoaeueiua a?aoeee, i?eaaaeaiiua a i?eeiaeaieyo.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: naeaoua yeaiaiou, iioeiaeueiia a?ie?iaaiea, ianouay
niiniaiinoue, iaeeiaeiia aeaoi?ie?iaaiea, iaiaeii?iaeiia naeaoea,
nii?ioeaeaiea iaoa?eaeia, i?iaeau.

Qumsieh Imad Khader Awad. Bearing capacity of compressed reinforced
concrete elements with the regard of nonlinear and non-uniform deforming
and practical method of their design. – Manuscript.

Thesis submitted for degree of the candidate of engineering science on
speciality 05.23.01 – Building constructions, buildings and structures –
Poltava State Technical University, named after Yuriy Kondratyuk,
Poltava, 1999.

The thesis is devoted to the development of appraisement method of
bearing capacity of compressed elements and its practical using in
design with arbitrary and optimum placing of reinforcements in the
sections.

The equations have been obtained, the graphics have been done, the
methods and algorithms for determination the reinforcements area and the
maximum bearing capacity of the sections have been worked out. The
results of observed and theoretical investigation have been compared,
the design examples of reinforcements sections area by proposed method
and norms method have been reduced.

Practical method of design eccentrically compressed elements has been
worked out, presented examples of design.

Key words: compressed elements, optimum reinforcing, a bearing capacity,
nonlinear deformation, non-uniform compressing, the resistance of
materials, the bend.

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