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Формування системи словотворення як засіб розвитку мовлення слабочуючих учнів: Автореф. дис… канд. пед. наук / В.О. Кондратенко, Ін-т дефектології А

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?inoeooo aeaoaeoieia?? Aeaaeai?? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe Oe?a?ie

EIIAe?AOAIEI A a e a i o e i a I e a e n a i ae ? ? a i a

OAeE: 376.353:808.3-30

Oi?ioaaiiss nenoaie neiaioai?aiiss sse can?a ?icaeoeo

iiaeaiiss neaai*oth*eo o*i?a

13.00.03 – niaoe?aeueia
iaaeaaia?ea

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe

Ee?a – 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? eiaiiaae?? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?iai? I. I. Ae?aaiiaiiaa, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie.

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee:– aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani?, caa?aeoaa/
eaoaae?e eiaiiaae?? Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?i.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe:– aeieoi? iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe caa?aeoaa/ eaai?aoi???
no?aeiiaaeaaia?ee ?inoeoooo aeaoaeoieia?? AII Oe?a?ie Canaiei A’y/aneaa
Aaneeueiae/

– eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaia?/ieo iaoe, caa?aeoaa/ a?aeae?eo ei?aeoe?eii?
iaaeaaia?ee Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/iiai oeaio?o na?aaeiuei? ina?oe Oe?a?ie
IAEEIA Ea?ena Ieaen??aia

I?ia?aeia onoaiiaa:–Caii??cueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao, eaoaae?a
nii?oo ? nii?oeaieo ?ai?, I?i?noa?noai ina?oe Oe?a?ie, i. Caii??aeaey

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny “23” eenoiiaaea 1999 ?. i 14.00 aiaeei? ia
can?aeaii? niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee Ae. 26.450.01 i?e ?inoeooo?
aeaoaeoieia?? AII Oe?a?ie ca aae?anith: 06060, Ee?a, aoe. I.
Aa?eeinueeiai, 9.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o iaoeia?e /anoei? ?inoeoooo
aeaoaeoieia?? AII Oe?a?ie (06060, Ee?a, aoe. I. Aa?eeinueeiai, 9).

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaiee “22“ aeiaoiy 1999 ?ieo.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee

AEOE O. A.

CAAAEUeIA OA?AEOA?ENOEEA ?IAIOE

Aeooaeuei?noue oa aeioe?euei?noue aeine?aeaeaiiy. ?ioaineo?eaoe?y
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano ae?oae c aaaeaie neooo aeiaaa? i?iaaaeaiiy
oe?eiai ?yaeo aeine?aeaeaiue, ni?yiiaaieo ia oaeineiiaeaiiy
aeeaeaeoe/ii? nenoaie ?o iaa/aiiy ? aeoiaaiiy a no/anieo oiiaao
?icaoaeiae iaoi? aea?aeaae. Ae??oaiiy oe??? aino?i?
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? i?iaeaie ? aeooaeueiith ? aeey oeiee
neaai/oth/eo.

A niaoe?aeueieo oeieao aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae a iniiao iaoiaee/ii?
i?aai?caoe?? iaaeaaia?/iiai i?ioeano iaa/aiiy iiae iieeaaeaia ?a/aiiy ye
iaeeieoey iiaeaii?ai? eiioi?eaoe??.

A?aeiii, ui iaia’yceiaith oiiaith canai?iiy “ciae?a” ??aiy ii?oaie,
neiaa aai neiainiieo/aiiy ? aeeth/aiiy ?o o ?a/aiiy. A oeueiio ie
aaa/a?ii ?aae?caoe?th iaeiiai c i?ia?aeieo i?eioeei?a, ui ? iinooeaoii o
iaoiaeeoe? iaa/aiiy iiaeaiith neaai/oth/eo oa aeooeo ae?oae, i?eioeeio
ca’yceo eaeneee ? a?aiaoeee (A.A.Canaiei, A.A.C?ea?a, ?.I.Eieaniee,
E.A.Ei?ia?i, E.A.Eooeueei, O.O.Ia?/oe, A.?.Iou?i, I.E.Oa?aiao,
E.I.Ooieei, I.Ae.ss?ia/aiei oa ?i.).

Iaoeiaeie aeine?aeaeaiiyie anoaiiaeaii, ui niaoeeo?/ieie a?aeoeeaiiyie
a?ae ii?iaeueiiai ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo oeiey??a ? niioai?aiiy
oiiaoe/ii? no?oeoo?e neiaa, nai???aei?noue aaeeaaiiy ne?a o iiaeaii?,
nooo?a? iaaeie?ee a?aiaoe/iiai ioi?ieaiiy aiane?aeie /iai iiaeaiiy
oeiey??a c? cieaeaiei neooii noa? iac?icoi?eei aeey ioi/oth/eo, a oaeiae
neeaaea? o?oaeiiu? a ?icoi?ii? caa?iaiiai aei ieo iiaeaiiy
(A.?.Aaeueotheia, ?.I.Aine?n, I.Ca?iai, E.A.Ei?ia?i, E.E?aooiai,
O.O.?ao, E.?.Oii?/iaa, O.Oa?ca, I.E.Oa?aiao, E.I.Ooieei oa ?i.).

Iaei??th c iniiaieo eaiie aaaaoia?aiiiai i?ioeano iaa/aiiy iiae
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a aenooia? ?iaioa iaae neiaii, ni?yiiaaia ye ia
e?euee?nia ca?eueoaiiy eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue, oae ? ia ye?nia caaaa/aiiy
neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, ia oi?ioaaiiy o ieo oi?iiy i?aaeeueii,
oi/ii ? ae?acii aeei?enoiaoaaoe a nai?e iiaeaii?a?e i?aeoeoe? eaene/i?
iaeeieoe? oe?a?inueei? iiae.

E?iaa?noe/ia no?oeoo?a neiaa, iayai?noue eaene/ieo ? a?aiaoe/ieo
cia/aiue aeacothoue ia iaiao?aei?noue anoaiiaeaiiy i?aai?/iiai
aca?iica’yceo ?iaioe iaae caaaa/aiiyi neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ?c
aea/aiiyi a?aiaoeee c iii?ith ia e?iaa?noe/i? ciaiiy (O.A.?aica?aa,
?.I.Neieoey).

?acii c oei i?iaeaia aaeineiiaeaiiy iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ia
eaene/iiio ??ai? ?icaeyaea?oueny o ca’yceo ?c canai?iiyi ieie ii?oaiiiai
neeaaeo neiaa ? aeaiaio?a i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy.
I?aaii??i?noue ?? iinoaiiaee aeo?ea? c eaene/ii? nooiino? neiaioai?aiiy
ye iniiaiiai oeyoo iiiiaiaiiy neiaieeiaiai caiano iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo.
Aea/aiiy aeaiaio?a neiaioai?aiiy iaaea? aaeee? iiaeeeaino? aeey
i?iaaaeaiiy ?iaioe, ni?yiiaaii? ia aeeaiea ?icoi?iiy cia/aiiy iio?aeieo
ne?a, ia ae?iaeaiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oi?iiy aeioe?eueii aaeeaaoe
iio?aei? eaenaie o iiaeaii?a?e i?aeoeoe?.

I?e oeueiio ne?ae cacia/eoe, ui a?aeiinii i?aai?caoe?? neiaioai?/eo
ai?aa, ni?yiiaaieo ia ona?aeiieaiiy o/iyie c? cieaeaiei neooii
aca?iica’yceo eaene/iiai cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa ? eiai ii?oaiiiai
neeaaeo noiniaii aeeeaaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae a oeie? neaai/oth/eo
ae?oae aein? i?aaeiaoii niaoe?aeueiiai aea/aiiy ia aoei.

Oaeei /eiii, aea?? oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaiee, c iaeiiai aieo,
nioe?aeueiith cia/ou?noth ?iaioe ii iaieiae?iith aeaiaioaie
neiaioai?aiiy ye aaaeeeaiai eiiiiiaioo iiaii? ina?oe, a c ?ioiai –
iacaaeia?eueiei iaoiaee/iei caaacia/aiiyi i?ioeano iaa/aiiy ??aeii? iiae
neaai/oth/eo oeiey??a, iaaeinoaoi?i ii?aoethaaiiyi i?iaeaie iie?ioaiiy
ye?niiai ??aiy i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy a oai?aoe/iiio ?
i?aeoe/iiio aniaeoao.

Ioaea, ia’?eoii iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy ? i?ioean iaa/aiiy iiae
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, aeoeaioiaaii ni?yiiaaiee ia canai?iiy iniia
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy. I?aaeiaoii – nenoaia
i?aai?caoe?eii-iaoiaee/ieo caoiae?a niaoe?aeueiiai iaa/aiiy, ni?yiiaaieo
ia caaaa/aiiy iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oeyoii ona?aeiieaiiai
canai?iiy i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy aeeiiaii a?aeiia?aeii aei oaiaoe/iiai ieaio
iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe Iaoe?iiaeueiiai iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo
?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa a aaeoc? niaoe?aeueii? iaaeaaia?ee ? iia’ycaia c
ieaiaie iaoeiai-aeine?aeii? ?iaioe AII Oe?a?ie, eiioeaioe??th ?icaeoeo
aeaoaeoieia?/ii? iaoee a Oe?a?i?, caaaeueiith i?iaeaiith ?ioaa?aoe??
aiiiaeueieo ae?oae o noni?euenoai.

Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? o aecia/aii? oeyo?a oaeineiiaeaiiy nenoaie
caoiae?a, ni?yiiaaieo ia caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a; ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeeee iaa/aiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a neiaioai?aiith
i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a. Iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy aecia/eea eiai a?iioaco, ca
yeith aoaeoeai?noue aieeao neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe ia eaene/iee caian
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a cia/ii i?aeaeueoueny ca oiiae aeei?enoaiiy
niaoe?aeueii? iaoiaeeee canai?iiy iio?aeieo ne?a, ui caaacia/eoue
ona?aeiieaiiy iacaaii? eaoaai??? oeiey??a iniaeeainoae no?oeoo?e ?
naiaioeee aeacaieo ne?a ? niiioeaoeia neaai/oth/eo o/i?a aei i?aeoe/iiai
iaieiae?iiy iio?aeieie neiaaie a aeoeaiiio iiaeaii?.

Iie?ioaiiy ye?niiai ??aiy i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy
iiaeeeaa ca oiia oi?ioaaiiy o oeiey??a ae?e neiaioai?aiiy c
aeei?enoaiiyi a iaoiaee/i?e nenoai? niaoe?aeueieo neiaioai?/eo ai?aa,
ni?yiiaaieo ia oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a i?oeiiai i?aea?oioy
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy, a?aoiaoth/e noai ?o
iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo.

Aeey ia?aa??ee a?iioace ? aeinyaiaiiy iinoaaeaii? iaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
ae??ooaaeeny oae? caaaeaiiy:

– aeyaeoe noai ? iniaeeaino? neiaioai?aiiy o iiaeaii? o/i?a 5 – 6 eean?a
niaoeoe?e aeey ae?oae c? cieaeaiei neooii;

– aecia/eoe oeyoe ? i?eeiie ?iaioe ii caaaa/aiith neiaieea neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a, aeei?enoiaoth/e neiaioai?/o iniiao;

– ?ic?iaeoe iaoiaeeeo i?aai?caoe?? oa iaa/aiiy neiaioai?/eo ai?aa c
iaoith caaaa/aiiy neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iaiao?aeiith eaeneeith;

– noai?eoe neiaiee-i?i?ioi i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a aeey neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a 5 – 6 eean?a;

– aenia?eiaioaeueii ia?aa??eoe aoaeoeai?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee,
i?inoaaeeaoe aieea neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe ia i?ioean caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai
caiano neaai/oth/eo o/i?a.

O a?aeiia?aeiino? c iinoaaeaieie caaaeaiiyie a aeine?aeaeaii?
aeei?enoiaoaaeenue oai?aoe/i? ? aii??e/i? iaoiaee.

Oai?aoe/i?: oai?aoe/iee aiae?c oa ocaaaeueiaiiy – ia aoaiao aecia/aiiy
iaoe, i?aaeiaoa, a?iioace ? caaaeaiue aeine?aeaeaiiy oa ?ic?iaee ci?noo
? iaoiaeeee neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe, a oaeiae i?aeaaaeaiiy i?aenoie?a
?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy; ?noi?eei-eia?/iee aiae?c – i?e ?ic?iaoe?
oai?aoe/ieo iniia aeine?aeieoeueei? i?iaeaie.

Aii??e/i?: niinoa?aaeaiiy ca iaa/aeueiei i?ioeanii, aan?aee c o/iyie e
o/eoaeyie, aiae?c ?nioth/eo i?ia?ai oa i?ae?o/iee?a aeey oe?e
neaai/oth/eo, eiinoaooth/ee oa iaa/aeueiee aenia?eiaioe.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? o oiio, ui i?iaeaia
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a aeine?aeaeo?oueny aia?oa, ioaea ae??oaiiy an?o cacia/aieo
caaaeaiue ii noo? ia? iiao, ?ai?oa ia a?aeiio ?ioi?iaoe?th aeey
a?aeiia?aeii? aaeoc? iaaeaaia?/ii? iaoee ? i?aeoeee.

Oae, iniaenoi caeiaoaa/ai:

– ?ic?iaeaii ci?no ? iaoiaeeeo aea/aiiy noaio ? iniaeeainoae
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a 5 – 6
eean?a ia neiaioai?/?e iniia?;

– ?ic?iaeaii iaoiaeeeo i?aai?caoe?? oa iaa/aiiy neiaioai?/eo ai?aa c
iaoith caaaa/aiiy neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iio?aeiith eaeneeith;

– ?ic?iaeaii ? ai?iaaaeaeaii a iaa/aeueiee i?ioean nenoaio aoaeoeaieo
neiaioai?/eo ai?aa c aeei?enoaiiyi eiii’thoa?ii? oaoi?ee;

– noai?aii neiaiee-i?i?ioi i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a oe?a?inueei? iiae
aeey neaai/oth/eo o/i?a.

Oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy i?iaaaeaiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy iieyaa? a iaa?oiooaaii?
oeyo?a ?aae?caoe?? ?aea? ?ioaa?aoe?? ae?oae c aaaeaie neooo a
nioe?aeueia na?aaeiaeua /a?ac iaoiaeeei-iaaeaaia?/io ei?aeoe?th
iiaeaiiy, a naia caniaii neiaioai?aiiy.

I?aeoe/ia oe?ii?noue iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a iieyaa? a oiio, ui
aeei?enoaiiy ?ic?iaeaii? a iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? oa aeine?aeii
ia?aa??aii? iaoiaeee iaa/aiiy ae??ne?aii-i?ao?enaeueiiio neiaioai?aiith
aeicaiey? i?aeaeueoe ??aaiue canai?iiy neiaioai?o, i?enei?th? ao?eaiiy a
ianiao i?aeoeeo neiaioai?/eo ai?aa o niaoe?aeueieo oeieao aeey
neaai/oth/eo ae?oae. I?aeoe/iee iaoa??ae aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaea aooe
aeei?enoaiee a/eoaeyie oe?e neaai/oth/eo a i?ioean? aea/aiiy ?icae?eo
“Neeaae neiaa”, a i?aai?caoe?? ?iaioe uiaei caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano
ia neiaioai?/?e iniia? oa iiaea neoaoaaoe i?aea?oioyi aeey iaienaiiy
i?ia?ai, i?ae?o/iee?a c oe?a?inueei? iiae aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae 5 – 6
eean?a. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy aaaeeea? aeey i?aeaeuaiiy aeiia aei
aoaeoeaiino? iaa/aiiy iiaeaiith neaai/oth/eo o/i?a o niaoe?aeueieo
oeieao oa nenoai? OOIA oa aeey iiaeaeueoeo iaoeiaeo iiooe?a o
niaoe?aeuei?e iaaeaaia?oe?. ?acoeueoaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy
aeei?enoiaothoueny caeiaoaa/ai o iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean? ia
aeaoaeoieia?/iiio oaeoeueoao? IIO ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, a oaeiae
ciaeoee canoinoaaiiy ? ai?iaaaeaeaiiy a i?aeoeeo ?iaioe a/eoae?a oe?e
Oe?a?ie.

Iaoiaeieia?/iith iniiaith aeine?aeaeaiiy ? ?ic?iaeai? o iaaeaaia?oe?,
ineoieia?? ? ineoie?iaa?noeoe? iieiaeaiiy i?i neeaaeio no?oeoo?o
iiaeaiiy oa eiai ineoio?c?ieia?/i? iaoai?cie (A.?.Aaeueotheia,
E.N.Aeaionueeee, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, I.I.Eaiioue?a, I.?.Eo??y, ?.I.Neieoey
oa ?i.), i?i ieanoe/i?noue ooieoe?iiaeueieo nenoai ethaenueeiai
i?aai?cio oa iiaoaii?noue oi?ioaaiiy ?icoiiaeo ae?e (I.ss.Aaeueia??i,
A.A.Caii?iaeaoeue, I.I.Eaiioue?a, A.I.Neiueia oa ?i.); ineoieia?/i?
caeiiii??iino? ona?aeiieaiiai oi?ioaaiiy neiaioai?o (I.O.Aa?aiia,
I.I.A?ooi?eia, I.?.Eueaia, E.?.Aeaea?iaa, I.A.Eino?ii?ia oa ?i.).

Aeine?aeaeaiiy i?iaiaeeeiny c 1994 ii 1998 ??. Aenia?eiaioaeueiith
aacith aoee niaoe?aeuei? oeiee-?ioa?iaoe aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae,
cie?aia 5 – 6 eeane ??-ai a?aeae?eaiiy niaoeoe?e-?ioa?iao?a ? 18 oa ? 9
i.Ee?a, Ie?ai?iaenueea niaoeoeiea-?ioa?iao oa Aa?ac?anueea niaoeoeiea
aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae AEeoiie?nueei? iaeano?. Aeine?aeiith ?iaioith
aoei ioiieaii 210 neaai/oth/eo o/i?a 5-eo eean?a, 190 – 6-eo eean?a oa
76 o/i?a 5-eo eean?a ianiai? oeiee ? 286 i.Ee?aa.

Ai?iaaoe?y ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy. Iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe
aeine?aeaeaiiy aeiiia?aeaeenue ? aoee noaaeai? ia Anaoe?a?inuee?e
iaoeiai-i?aeoe/i?e eiioa?aioe?? c i?iaeai aeaoaeoieia?? (2-3 eenoiiaaea
1994 ?ieo, i.Ee?a), ia Ae?oaiio c’?cae? Oiaa?enoaa ineoieia?a Oe?a?ie
(Ee?a, 1996 ??e), Anaoe?a?inuee?e iaoeia?e eiioa?aioe?? aeeeaaea/?a
aeaoaeoieia?a (Ee?a, 1996 ??e), ia ca?oieo iaoeiaeo eiioa?aioe?yo
aeeeaaea/?a IIO ?iai? I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa (1994-1999 ?iee).

Ca iaoa??aeaie aeine?aeaeaiiy iioae?eiaai? 1 iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??,
6 noaoae, 3 oace, a yeeo ?ice?eoi iniiaiee ci?no aeena?oaoe??.

No?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??: anooi, o?e ?icae?ee, aeniiaee, nienie
aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae (250 iaeiaioaaiue ianyaii 22 noi??iee) i’youe
aeiaeaoe?a (ianyaii 37 noi??iie). Caaaeueiee ianya aeena?oaoe?? 187
noi??iie. O oaeno? ai?uaii 32, oaaeeoe? 5 noai ? 1 ae?aa?aia.

INIIAIEE CI?NO ?IAIOE

O anooi? iaa?oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue oaie, aecia/a?oueny ia’?eo,
i?aaeiao, iaoa, a?iioaca, caaaeaiiy aeine?aeaeaiiy, ?ice?eaa?oueny
iaoeiaa iiaecia, i?aeoe/ia ? oai?aoe/ia cia/aiiy ?iaioe.

O ia?oiio ?icae?e? aeena?oaoe?? “I?iaeaia neiaioai?aiiy a caaaeuei?e oa
niaoe?aeuei?e e?oa?aoo??” c?iaeaii aiae?c oa ocaaaeueiaiiy
iaoeiai-e?oa?aoo?ieo aeaea?ae c aeine?aeaeoaaii? i?iaeaie.

O i?ae?icae?e? 1.1. “Ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i? oa e?iaa?noe/i? iniiae
aeei?enoaiiy neiaioai?aiiy, ye caniao caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano o/i?a
c? cieaeaiei neooii” i?aee?aneth?oueny, ui ia nueiaiaei? a ?yae?
aeine?aeaeaiue ?icaeyaeathoueny ieoaiiy oi?ioaaiiy eaene/iiai caiano
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ca aeiiiiiaith neiaioai?aiiy.

Ia aeoieo iaoeiaoe?a-iaoiaeeno?a (I.O.Aa?aiia, I.I.A?ooi?eia,
A.I.Aeia?iieneia, A.A.C?ea?a, E.A.Ei?ia?i, I.?.Eueaia, I.I.Iaoaa?aa,
A.A.I?oaei?eiaa oa ?i.), caaaa/aiiy neiaieea ae?oae iieyaa? ia eeoa a
eiai e?euee?niiio iiiiaiaii?, a e a ye?niiio oaeineiiaeaii?, a naia: a
ona?aeiieaii? cia/aiiy eiaeiiai neiaa o canai?ii? noa?e aaeeaaiiy
eaene/ieo cania?a.

Oaea ?icoi?iiy nooiino? caaaa/aiiy eaeneeiio neaai/oth/eo ae?oae ?
aeoaea aaaeeeaei aeey iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, oiio ui a iniia?
neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe eaaeeoue cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa ? eiai ii?oai.
Caaaeyee nai?io eaene/iiio cia/aiith neiai aenooia? iaeeieoeath
iiaeaiiy, niieo/iith eaieith i?ae ieneaiiyi ? iiaeaiiyi.

sse iieacaee iao? niinoa?aaeaiiy, a?aenooi?noue a i?ioean? iaa/aeueii?
?iaioe aeinoaoiuei? oaaae aei naiaioeee neiaa aiia?eueith? ?icaeoie
eaene/iiai caiano neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, ?o ieneaiiy ? iiaeaiiy. Caaaa/aiiy
e?euee?niiai neeaaeo neiaieea /anoi i?eaiaeeoue aei i?iieeiaiiy a
iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/i? aeeoeie ne?a, ia iia’ycaieo ?c ia’?eoeaiith
?aaeuei?noth.

Aeoiaey/e ?c caaaeueiiai ?icoi?iiy ?iaioe iaae caaaa/aiiyi neiaieea
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, iiaeia ia?aaeaa/eoe oae? iai?yiee oaeineiiaeaiiy
oeueiai i?ioeano:

1. Ooi/iaiiy cia/aiiy iio?aeieo ne?a, canaithaaieo neaai/oth/eie o/iyie,
ye? aeei?enoiaothoueny a iiaeaii? o iaaaeaeaaoiiio cia/aii?.

2. Ieaiii??ia iiiiaiaiiy ianeaiiai ? aeoeaiiai neiaieeiaiai caiano
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ca ?aooiie iiaeo eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue ?c iio?aeiith
iniiaith.

A ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/i?e e?oa?aoo?? i?aee?aneth?oueny ia?ic?eaiee
ca’ycie ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy ae?oae c ?o ?icoiiaei ?icaeoeii, ai “…
?icaeaaoe iiao ie?aii a?ae aeoiee iaiiaeeeai” (Ae.I.Aiaiyaeainueeee,
E.N.Aeaionueeee, Ae.A.Aeueeii?i, E.Ae.Ooeinueeee). Aeaia oi/ea ci?o
eyaea a iniiao aeniiae?a no/anieo aeine?aeiee?a, ye? noaa?aeaeothoue, ui
iiaiioe?iiee ?icaeoie iiaeaiiy o ae?oae c aaaeaie neooo caeaoia
caaacia/eoe eeoa oa iaoiaee/ia nenoaia, yea iaeii/anii cae?enith?
?icaeoie eia?/iiai ieneaiiy, a oaeiae ?ioeo noa? iniaenoino? aeeoeie a
iaa/aeueiiio i?ioean?, ui cae?enith?oueny i?ae oe?eani?yiiaaiei aieeaii
?icaeaath/i? ooieoe?? (A.A.Canaiei, E.A.Eooeueei, O.O.Ia?/oe,
I.?.I?e?o?ia, I.E.Oa?aiao, E.I.Ooieei, I.Ae.ss?ia/aiei).

Naia oiio aeo?aeiei iieiaeaiiyi a iaoiio aeine?aeaeaii? i?eeiyoa
ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ia eiioeaioe?y ?icaeaath/iai iaa/aiiy, yea ciaeoea
a?aeia?aaeaiiy a ?iaioao ca?oa?aeieo oa a?o/eciyieo aeine?aeiee?a:
I.ss.Aaeueia??ia, A.A.Aeaaeaeiaa, E.A.Caieiaa, A.N.Einothea oa ?i. A ieo
?ic?iaeai? iniiai? e?eoa??? ?icaeaath/iai iaa/aiiy, oa?aeoa?enoeea
oaeoi??a, ye? caaacia/othoue ?ioaeaeooaeueiee ?icaeoie o/i?a,
a?aoiaioiaaia ioe?iea ?o aioiaiino? aei iaieiae?iiy i?eeiiaie ?icoiiai?
ae?yeueiino?.

A ?iaioao A.?.Aaeueotheiaa, E.N.Aeaionueeiai, I.I.Eaiioue?aa,
I.?.C?i/aiei, E.A.Caieiaa, O.A.?icaiiai?, E.E.Oea?aiiai?, I.?.I?e?o?ii?,
I.E.Oa?aiao oa ?ioeo aaoi??a, ye? ?icaeyaeathoue eiioeaioe?th oi?ioaaiiy
? ooieoe?e iai’yo? a aeeoo? ? ae?yeueiino? noa’?eoo, i?noeoueny aeniiaie
i?i oa, ui caniaii iieaaoaiiy ae?? caiai’yoiaoaaiiy ? oa?aeoa? ca’yceo
i?ae neiaaie. A aeine?aeaeaiiyo caaaeaieo aaoi??a aea?oueny ?icai?iooa
oa?aeoa?enoeea iniiaieo i?ioean?a ieneaiiy, ye? cae?enith? ethaeeia i?e
caiai’yoiaoaaii? (nieneiaa a?oioaaiiy a?aeae?eaiiy iii?ieo ioieo?a,
i?ioeane ni?aa?aeianaiiy: ii??aiyiiy, eeaneo?eaoe?y).

Ii?yae c iaaiei ??aiai ?icaeoeo ?ioaeaeoo ? iai’yo? oeiey?a aaaeeeaith
ia?aaeoiiaith ?aae?caoe?? iiaeaii?ai? iai?aaeaiino? neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe
aenooia? ??aaiue i?aeoe/iiai canai?iiy aeeoeiith ciaiue nenoaie ?
aoaeiae ??aeii? iiae, aeaiaio?a oe??? nenoaie ? ?o cia/ouino?
ii?aeioaaeueieo caeiiii??iinoae iiaieo iaeeieoeue.

Ni?eeiyooy oniiai iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie a oiiaao niaoe?aeueiiai
iaa/aiiy i?ioiaeeoue ia a?naini?i?e neooici?ia?e iniia?, oeyoii
ii?aeiaiiy /eoaiiy c aoa ? neooiaiai ni?eeiyooy c aeei?enoaiiyi
iaiao?aeii? caoeii?aeneethaaeueii? aia?aoo?e. Oiio ni?eeiyooy ?
?icoi?iiy oniiai iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie a?eueoith i??ith
caeaaeeoue a?ae noaio ?o neooo (a?ae nooiaith ao?aoe eiai), a?ae
?icaeoeo iaae/ie eiai aeei?enoaiiy i?e neooiaiio ni?eeiyoo? c
aeei?enoaiiyi neooiai? aia?aoo?e (? aac ia?), a?ae ??aiy oaeineiiaeaiiy
iaae/ee c/eooaaiiy c aoa. Cae/aeii, ia ?icoi?iiy aoaea aieeaaoe cia/iee
aieea ??aiy iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo o/i?a, iayai?noue cono??/ii?
iiaeaii?ai? aeoeaiino? (eiia??ia i?iaiicoaaiiy aeaiaio?a iiae ? ?o
iiaeeeaeo cia/aiue, iioi/ia ei?aeoe?y iiaeaii?ai? ?ioi?iaoe?? a i?ioean?
ni?eeiyooy ? o.?i.).

A iaoiaeeoe? iaa/aiiy ae?oae c aaaeaie neooo iia? oe? aea? noi?iie
ni?eeoaaiiy oaeiae /?oei aeeoa?aioe?ththoueny. Eiaeiee ?c oeeo aniaeo?a
iiaeaiiy ia? nai? iniaeeaino? ? aeiaaa? ??ciiiai?oii? nenoaie ai?aa,
ni?yiiaaieo ia ae?iaeaiiy niaoeeo?/ieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie, ? ii-??ciiio
aeei?enoiao?oueny ia oeo /e ?ioeo aoaiao iaa/aiiy.

Oaeei /eiii, a ?acoeueoao? ?icaeyaeo ineoieia?/ieo aniaeo?a iiaeaii?ai?
ae?yeueiino? iiaeia c?iaeoe ianooii? aeniiaee. Oi?ioaaiiy o neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a iaae/ie ? oi?iue aieiae?iiy iiaeaiiyi iiaea cae?enithaaoeny eeoa
ia iniia? iiaeaii?ai? i?aeoeee, a i?ioean? ia?aoai?aiiy ciai?oiuei? iiae
o aioo??oith. Caaaeyee ooieoe?iioaaiith iaoai?ci?a aioo??oiueiai
iiaeaiiy, aeneiaethaaiiy iiaea iaaooe eiioi?eaoeaio iai?aaeai?noue (aooe
aiioeaiaaiei, iaoe aioo??oi?e ieai ? o.ae.).

Ae?iaeaiiy a o/i?a oeiee neaai/oth/eo oi?iiy aeaaaoe iiyniaiiy
iio?aeiiai neiaa nie?a?oueny ia ona?aeiieaiiy ieie no?oeoo?ii-nieneiaeo
ca’yce?a o neiaioai?aii?. I?aoe? ?in?enueeeo e?iaa?no?a (I.I.Cainueea,
?.I.Iaeue/oe, ?.N.Oeooaiia oa ?i.) i?aeoaa?aeeee aeniiaie i?i oa, ui
no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/i? ca’ycee iio?aeiiai neiaa ? oa??iiai ?
oeaio?aeueieie aeey an??? nenoaie neiaioai?aiiy, ui a?aeiioaiiy
neiaioai?/i? iioeaaoe?? iaeaaeaoue aei iaea?eueo iine?aeiaieo ?
?aaoey?ieo.

I?e ?ic?iaoe? aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aoee
a?aoiaai? aaaeeea? iieiaeaiiy eiioeaioe?? I.I.Oainueeiai, yea ?, ye ie
aaaaea?ii, ie?aeiith aeey iaoiaeeee no?oeoo?ii-nieneiaiai aiae?co
iio?aeieo ne?a o aea/aii? iiae.

1. Iaia’yceiaa ?ic??ciaiiy (ae?ao?ii?/ieo, neio?ii?/ieo) ?noi?e/ieo ?
no/anieo yaeu o neiaioai?aii?. 2. Iiia?aaei? iiyniaiiy cia/aiiy neiaa,
yea i?aeeyaa? aiae?co. 3. Iaoiiaeai?noue eia?/ii? iine?aeiaiino?
neiaioai?/iai aiae?co, ia?iuoaaiiyi ii?oai a iio?aei?e iaeeieoe?. 4.
I?aai?/ia ii?aeiaiiy no?oeoo?iiai aiae?co neiaa ?c nieneii. Inoaii?e ?c
iacaaieo i?eioeei?a iiaea aooe ?aae?ciaaiei a oiiaao oeiee neaai/oth/eo
i?e caa?oaii? aei aiae?co ne?a c iaea?eueo eiie?aoieie, a cia/eoue ?
aeinooiieie aeey iiyniaiiy ae?oueie neiaioai?/eie ao?enaie.

I?aeneeaiiy iiaeaii?ai? ni?yiiaaiino? neiaioai?/i? ?iaeoe aeiaaa?
iciaeiieaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ?c aeayeeie oi?iaeueieie naiaioe/ieie
noaiaie ae?iaieoeoaa ne?a. A ca’yceo c oeei ie aaaaea?ii ca iaiao?aeia
?ice?eoe nooi?noue iiiyooy “neiaioai?/ee oei”.

Iaoeiai aiioeaiaaiee a?aea?? neiaioai?/eo oei?a aeey iciaeiieaiiy c ieie
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iiaea aooe cae?eniaiei ?c a?aooaaiiyi ?yaeo
e?iaa?noe/ieo e?eoa???a. Iaeaaaeeea?oeie ?c ieo ne?ae aaaaeaoe
i?iaeoeoeai?noue ? ?aaoey?i?noue neiaioai?/eo iaeeieoeue (ao?en?a,
oei?a, iiaeaeae, niinia?a oai?aiiy) oiaoi aeanoeaino?, a?ae yeeo
caeaaeaoue aeinooii?noue ?icoi?iiy ? iiyniaiiy niiniao neiaioai?aiiy, ui
? aeineoue nooo?aei a ?iaio? c neaai/oth/eie o/iyie.

Nie?ath/enue ia aeniiaie i?i oa, ui a neiaioai?/eo nenoaiao oe?a?inueei?
iiae oeaio?aeueia i?noea iaeaaeeoue ao?enaoe?? ye niiniao noai?aiiy
eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue (I.I.Cainueea, I.O.Eeeiaiei, I.ss.Iethu oa ?i.), a
yeino? iaoa??aeo aeey niinoa?aaeaiue ? ai?aa aiae?oe/iiai neioaoe/iiai
oa?aeoa?o ie a?ae?a?aee neiaa, ooai?ai? ca aeiiiiiaith i?ao?ena. A
aenia?eiaioaeuei?e iaoiaeeoe? caaaa/aiiy neiaieeiaiai caiano
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ia neiaioai?/?e iniia? oaeiae ciaeoee i?noea ai?aae
?c neiaaie, ye? aeieeee ca aeiiiiiaith noo?en?a.

Aeey iaoiaeeee aeaiaioa?iiai neiaioai?aiiy, a naia caaaa/aiiy neiaieea
neaai/oth/eo ae?oae iio?aeieie neiaaie, aaeeea cia/aiiy iathoue aeai?
e?iaa?noe/ieo aeine?aeaeaiue, ui ?ice?eaathoue ca’ycie neiaioai?aiiy c
eaeneeieia??th. ?o aiae?c iieacaa, ui iniiaa i?aeoe/iiai canai?iiy
neaai/oth/eie o/iyie iniiaieo iiiyoue naiaioe/iiai aniaeoo neiaioai?aiiy
oe?a?inueei? iiae — oea oi?iiy anoaiiaethaaoe iioeaaoe?ei? a?aeiioaiiy
iio?aeieo ne?a c oa??ieie, aeyaeyoe no?oeoo?ii-nieneiao caeaaei?noue o
neiaioai?/?e ia??. E??i oiai, iaiao?aei?noue iaieiae?iiy o/iyie oe?e
neaai/oth/eo iiyniaiiyi iio?aeieo ne?a aeo?ea? ?c nooiino? neiaioai?/iai
aiae?co, yeee aeicaiey? ia o?eueee c?icoi?oe niin?a ooai?aiiy neiaa,
aea e anoaiiaeoe eiai eaene/ia cia/aiiy, a oaeiae naiaioeeo ie?aieo
ii?oai.

I?ae?icae?e 1.2. aeena?oaoe?? “Caaaa/aiiy neiaieeiaiai caiano
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oeyoii neiaioai?aiiy ye iaoiaee/ia i?iaeaia”
aena?oeth? i?iaeaio neiaioai?aiiy a iaoiaee/i?e e?oa?aoo??.

Aeey iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy cia/iee ?ioa?an iathoue iaoiaee/i?
?aeiiaiaeaoe?? uiaei i?aai?caoe?? eaene/ii? ?iaioe ia o?ieao ??aeii?
iiae: a) a?aeiiaa a?ae caoaii? i?aeoeee oi?iaeueiiai cao/oaaiiy ne?a,
o?niee ca’ycie ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy c ?icaeoeii ieneaiiy, iii?a ia
iai/ii-ii/ooo?a? oyaeaiiy ae?oae; a) naiino?eia canai?iiy aeeoeiith
aaaaonoaa eaene/ieo ?ano?n?a ??aeii? iiae a i?ioean? ?iaeea?aeoaeueii?
iiaeaii?ai? i?aeoeee, oiaoi aeeth/aiiy iiaeaii?aiai iaoa??aeo ui
aea/a?oueny a aeeaa iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo ae?oae; a) aeoiaaiiy o
oeiey??a cae/ee “aaeeaeyoeny, aaeoioaaoeny a neiaa, ii??aithaaoe
a?aeo?iee ?o cia/aiiy”, “aeoiaoe ?iciiaeyth/e ? aiai?eoe aeoiath/e”
(E.Ae.Ooeinueeee). Oaeei /eiii, aecia/aeueiith a ??oaii? i?iaeaie
caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano o/i?a i?eeiyoi aaaaeaoe ia e?euee?ni?
iieacieee caiai’yoiaoaaiiy ae?oueie ne?a, a aeeaeio ona?aeiieaiiy ieie
nieneiai? noi?iie neiaa, aeoeaia iia?oaaiiy eaene/ieie iaeeieoeyie a
i?ioean? iiaeaii?aiai ni?eeoaaiiy.

Aia?oa a iaoiaeeoe? aeeeaaeaiiy ??aeii? iiae aoee c?iaeai? ni?iae
ae??oeoe i?iaeaie aca?iica’yceo ii?oaiiiai aiae?co ?c
no?oeoo?ii-nieneiaei (aeaiaioa?iei neiaioai?/ei) aiae?cii iio?aeieo ne?a
(O.A.?aicaaaa, I.A.Eino?ii?ia), ?aae?caoe?? i?eioeeio eaene/iiai
ii??aiyiiy i?e i?iaaaeaii? ?icai?o no?oeoo?e neiaa (I.A.Eino?ii?ia)
niieo/aiiy aiae?oe/ieo ai?aa neiaioai?/iai oa?aeoa?o (O.A.?aica?aa)
aea/aiiy neiaioai?aiiy ia neioaoe/i?e iniia? (?.?.Ieoaeeiaa).

I?iaeaia ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy ia eaene/iiio ??ai? caaaeaee aoea
aeooaeueiith. I?ia?aneai? iaoiaeenoe ieioeiai ?iaeee ?yae ni?ia
?ic?iaeoe nenoaio caaaa/aiiy neiaieeiaiai caiano o/i?a a i?ioean?
aeeiiaiiy neiaioai?/eo ai?aa (?.I.Aaneeue?a, A.A.A?eai?ue?a).

Nooo?aith ineoieia?/iith ia?aaeoiiaith i?aai?caoe?? ?iaioe ii
caaaa/aiith neiaieeiaiai caiano o/i?a a i?ioean? ona?aeiieaiiy
neiaioai?/i? nenoaie oe?a?inueei? iiae aeo?eathoue ?c ianooiieo
e?iaa?noe/ieo iieiaeaiue: a) neiaioai?aiiy i?aai?/ii iia’ycaia c iaoeith
i?i eaene/iee neeaae iiae, caaaeyee /iio noaei iiaeeeaei aeae?eeoe
eaeneeieia?/iee ieai aea/aiiy neiaioai?/eo yaeu; a) ii?oaie –
aeainoi?iiiy e?iaaiiaeeieoey, yea a ??ai?e i??? a?aeiineoueny aei
iaeeieoeue ieaio ae?aco ? iaeeieoe? ieaio ci?noo; ii?oaia – i?i?iaeueia
cia/oua /anoeia neiaa, ia aac? cia/aiue yei? oi?io?oueny eaene/ia
cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa; a) aeey neiaioai?aiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae
oa?aeoa?ia cae?eniaiiy ?icai?iooi? nenoaie iiiyoue aeey iieno ci?noiaii?
noi?iie neiaioai?/eo i?ioean?a (neiaioai?/a iioeaaoe?y, neiaioai?/a
cia/aiiy, neiaioai?/ee oei, niin?a neiaioai?aiiy), ye?, iiaeooue
neoaeeoe oai?aoe/iei ooiaeaiaioii iaoiaeeee caaaa/aiiy neiaieeiaiai
caiano o/i?a iio?aeieie neiaaie.

A ?acoeueoao? aiae?co iaoiaee/ii? e?oa?aoo?e c’ynoaaeiny, ui iniaeeao
aeooaeuei?noue i?iaeaia oaeineiiaeaiiy aeeoy/iai neiaieea ia aac?
neiaioai?aiiy iaaoea a ca’yceo c ?ic?iaeith eiioeaioe??
aca?iiiia’ycaiiai aea/aiiy eaeneee, neiaioai?aiiy, a?aiaoeee ?
i?oia?ao?? ye iniiae ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy oeiey??a (O.A.?aica?aa).

Aeine?aeaeaiiy ieoaiiy aieeao ieaiii??ii? neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe ia
iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo oeiey??a ? eaene/iee ??aaiue a niaoe?aeuei?e
iaoiaeeoe? oe?a?inueei? iiae oaeoe/ii ia cae?enithaaeinue.

Aiae?c oeyo?a ae??oaiiy i?iaeaie a iaoiaeeoe? aeeeaaeaiiy ?in?enueei?
iiae, aeecueei? aei oe?a?inueei?, na?ae/eoue i?i aaeee? iiaeeeaino?
aea/aiiy neiaioai?aiiy a aniaeo? iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a, a naia ae?iaeaiiy i?aaeeueiino?, oi/iino?, ae?aciino? ?
ona?aeiieaiiy aaeeaaiiy iio?aeieo ne?a, a oaeiae a?aee?eaa? oe?ie?
ia?niaeoeae aeey ?aae?caoe?? i?eioeeio ianooiiino? i?ae na?aaeiueith ?
ii/aoeiaith eaieaie oeiee (A.A.C?ea?a, E.A.Ei?ia?i).

Oaeei /eiii, noeoii?noue ieoaiue, ye? ie ?icaeyioee a aeaiiio ?icae?e?,
? oai?aoe/iei ooiaeaiaioii aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee caaaa/aiiy
neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iio?aeiith eaeneeith ? ia?aeiieeaith
a?aoiaioaoe??th oiai, ui iinoaiiaea aeaii? i?iaeaie i?aaii??ia a on?o
aniaeoao: e?iaa?noe/iiio, ineoieia?/iiio, aeeaeaeoe/iiio ? iaoiaee/iiio.

?icae?e ?? aeena?oaoe?? “Noai iaa/aiiy ae??ne?aii-i?ao?enaeueiiai
neiaioai?aiiy a niaoe?aeueieo oeieao aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae”
i?enay/aiee aea/aiith neiaioai?aiiy a oeie? neaai/oth/eo 5-6 ee.

I?ae?icae?e 2.1. i?enay/aiee aiae?co ae?th/eo i?ia?ai ? i?ae?o/iee?a c
oe?a?inueei? iiae.

Aea/aiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae a oeie? neaai/oth/eo aoaeo?oueny ia
neioaoe/i?e iniia?, oiio ui an? aac aeiyoeo o?iee oe?a?inueei? iiae
iiaeii? aooe naia o?ieaie ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy, ia yeiio a iaoa??ae? ia
aoaeoaaany o?ie, ? yea a ia aoea eiai oaia. O?eueee ?aae?coth/enue o
?a/aii?, oaeo iiaeaiiy iiaea noaoe eiioi?eaoeaiei. Ae?th/a
i?ia?aiaI?ei?oea.

I?ia?aia niaoe?aeueieo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae
?? a?aeae?eaiiy. – E.: ?OIE, 1992. c oe?a?inueei? iiae a niaoe?aeueieo
oeieao aeey ae?oae c? cieaeaiei neooii neeaaea?oueny ?c 2-o ?icae?e?a:
a?aiaoeea ? ?icaeoie iiaeaiiy, /eoaiiy ? ?icaeoie iiaeaiiy.

A aeai?e i?ia?ai? ?icae?e “Neeaae neiaa ? neiaioai?aiiy” ie?aii ia
aeae?ey?oueny. Aea/aiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae ii/eia?oueny c ae?oaiai eeano
neiaieeiaith ?iaioith ia o?ieao ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy ? aeeth/a? ia o?eueee
iiyniaiiy ? ooi/iaiiy cia/aiue ne?a, a e aiae?c eiai caoei-aoeaaiiiai
neeaaeo.

I?iaaaeaia aeine?aeaeaiiy na?ae/eoue, ui a i?ia?aio c oe?a?inueei? iiae
aeey ?V-V??? eean?a niaoe?aeueieo caaaeueiiina?oi?o oe?e neaai/oth/eo
ae?oae ?? a?aeae?eaiiy iaiao?aeii aianoe aeiiiaiaiiy ? ci?ie, ye?
ia?aaeaa/athoue nenoaiaoecaoe?th aea/aiiy neiaioai?aiiy ae??ne?a ia
o?ieao oe?a?inueei? iiae.

Ana oea aea? iiaeeea?noue aecia/eoe iioeiaeuei? oeyoe ? caniae oni?oiiai
ao?eaiiy a i?aeoeeo ?iaioe oeiee neaai/oth/eo aeiia uiaei oaeineiiaeaiiy
ci?noo aea/aiiy ??aeii? iiae neaai/oth/eie oeiey?aie.

Ia iniia? aenia?eiaioaeueieo aeaieo, iaoiaeenoe i?aeoaa?aeeee, ui a 4-8
eeanao iioeiaeueiei iiaeia aaaaeaoe oaea ni?aa?aeiioaiiy oai?aoe/iiai ?
i?aeoe/iiai iaoa??aeo: a?aiaoe/ia oai??y – 15-20%, iiaeaii?aa i?aeoeea –
80-85%. sseui ?icaeyaeaoe a oeueiio ieai? i?ae?o/ieee c oe?a?inueei?
iiae aeey 5-6 eean?a oeiee neaai/oth/eo, oi iii?oeii, ui oey
a?aeiia?aei?noue ii?ooo?oueny (I.I.Aeee, A.I.Eoeee).

Aiae?c ?nioth/i? e?oa?aoo?e c iaoiaeeee aeeeaaeaiiy oe?a?inueei? iiae a
oeie? neaai/oth/eo ia aea? iai a?aeiia?ae? ia ieoaiiy i?i oa, ye iaa/aoe
oe?a?inueeiio neiaioai?aiith neaai/oth/eo o/i?a. Oeiee aeey neaai/oth/eo
ae?oae iathoue nai? iniaeeaino?, ye? iieyaathoue o oiio, ui iaa/aiiy
oe?a?inuee?e iia? aaaeaoueny a ieo ca ??cieie iaa/aeueieie ieaiaie.

Ana oea ia iiaea ia a?aeaeoenue ia ??ai? ae?iaeaiiy ciaiue, ai?iue ?
iaae/ie a o/i?a i?e iaa/aii? neiaioai?aiith, oiio ui, ye cana?ae/othoue
aeai? iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy, aiii ia? i?eioeeiiaa cia/aiiy.

Oaeei /eiii, aiae?c ae?th/eo i?ia?ai ? i?ae?o/iee?a c oe?a?inueei? iiae
aeicaiey? c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oa, ui aiie ia iiai?noth caaacia/othoue
aeei?enoaiiy oai?aoe/ieo ciaiue i?i neeaae neiaa a iiaeaii?a?e
i?aeoeoe?. Aeey ?aae?caoe?? iiaeaii?ai? iai?aaeaiino? aea/aiiy
neiaioai?/iai iaoa??aeo iaiao?aeii i?aeneeeoe oeth aeiiao a i?ia?ai? ?
aeeth/eoe a i?ae?o/ieee niaoe?aeuei? ai?aae ? i?aeoe/i? caaaeaiiy.
Nenoaia ai?aa iiaeiia aooe iiaoaeiaaia c oaeei ?ic?aooieii, uia oe?oa
aeei?enoaoe iiaeeeaino? aeey ona?aeiieaiiy naiaioeee eaenai c iio?aeiith
iniiaith a i?ioean? ni?eeiyooy ? ii?iaeaeaiiy iiaeaiiy o neaai/oth/eo
oeiey??a, ae?iaeaiiy iaae/ie oi/iiai a?aeai?o iio?aeieo ne?a,
iiia?aaeaeaiiy ii?ooaiue ae?oueie ii?i neiaioai?aiiy.

I?ae?icae?e 2.2. aena?oeth? iaoiaeeeo eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo.
Ia?aa??yth/e iao? i?eiouaiiy, ie i?iaaee eiinoaooth/ee aenia?eiaio c
iaoith aiae?co iiieeie a oniiio ? ienaiiiio iiaeaii? o/i?a c? cieaeaiei
neooii, yeee iiaea aeacaoe ia i?e/eie ?o aeieeiaiiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy, a oiae? yeiai aea/aany noai ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie c
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy a oniiio ? ienaiiiio iiaeaii?
neaai/oth/eo ae?oae, i?iaiaeeeiny a 5-6 eeanao (iiiaae 240 o/i?a) ia
i?ioyc? aeaio ?ie?a (1994 – 1996 ??.) a niaoe?aeueieo oeieao-?ioa?iaoao
Oe?a?ie (Ie?ai?iaenueea, Aa?ac?anueea, niaoe?aeueia oeiea-?ioa?iao ?18
oa ?9 aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae i.Ee?a, oa 76 o/i?a ianiai? oeiee ? 228
i.Ee?aa).

Ie neiino?othaaee n?i caaaeaiue aeey aeine?aeaeaiiy oaeoe/iiai noaio
ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie neaai/oth/eo o/i?a a aaeoc? i?ao?enaeueiiai
neiaioai?aiiy. I?e oeueiio ie aeoiaeeee c oiai, ui ciaiiy, oi?iiy ?
iaae/ee – oea aaaeeeaee eiiiiiaio iaa/aiiy. Ca iniiaiee e?eoa??e yeino?
ciaiue c neiaioai?aiiy ie i?eeia?ii noai a?aeoai?aiiy o/iyie c aaaeaie
neooo oai?aoe/ieo iiiyoue o a?aeiia?aeiino? c e?iaa?noe/ieie aeaieie
ae?th/eo oe?eueieo i?ae?o/iee?a oe?a?inueei? iiae; iniiaiei e?eoa???i
??aiy oi?iue oa iaae/ie ? nooi?iue naiino?eiino? o canoinoaaii?
io?eiaieo ciaiue ye ca c?aceii, oae ? a ianoaiaea?oi?e neooaoe??.

O ca’yceo c oei, ui oi?iiy cae?enithaaoe ii?oaiiee ? neiaioai?/ee
aiae?c, oi?iiy nenoaiaoecoaaoe iio?aei? neiaa aaco?oueny ia ciaii? ?yaeo
neiaioai?/eo iiiyoue ? neiaioai?/eo oi?iue, iai iaiao?aeii aeyaeoe
??aaiue ciaiue ? oi?iue neaai/oth/eo o/i?a c neiaioai?o o
a?aeiia?aeiino? c ae?th/ith i?ia?aiith c oe?a?inueei? iiae aeey oe?e
neaai/oth/eo ?? a?aeae?eaiiy.

I?ae?icae?e 2.3. “Iniaeeaino? aieiae?iiy i?ao?enaeueiei neiaioai?aiiyi
ae??ne?a o/iyie V – VI eean?a oeiee neaai/oth/eo”. Cia/i? a?aeoeeaiiy
iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo neaai/oth/eo ae?oae – oea ii?ooaiiy oiiaoe/ii? oa
neeaaeiai? no?oeoo?e neiaa, nai???aeiiai aaeeaaiiy ne?a o iia?. Oe?
ii?ooaiiy oaeiae niinoa??aathoueny o a?aiaoe/iiio ioi?ieaii?. Aeacai?
aniaeoe iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo neaai/oth/eo ae?oae ciaeoee aeinoaoiuei
iiaia aena?oeaiiy o ?yae? ?ia?o oe?a?inueeeo oa ca?oa?aeieo a/aieo:
?.I.Aine?n, A.I.Aieueaeaa?a, A.A.C?ea?a, E.A.Ei?ia?i, I.?.I?e?o?ia,
A.Oa?ca, I.E.Oa?aiao, E.I.Ooieei, I.Ae.ss?ia/aiei. Cie?aia, a
aeine?aeaeaiiyo I.E.Oa?aiao, ?.I.Aine?n ?ice?eaathoueny iniaeeaino?
neiaieeiaiai caiano neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oa nai???aei?noue ?o ca’yciiai
iiaeaiiy. Aea iaeaea a?aenooi? iaoeia? aeine?aeaeaiiy a aaeoc?
no?aeiiaaeaaia?ee, iia’ycai? c iniaeeainoyie neiaioai?aiiy o
neaai/oth/eo ae?oae. Ie coieieee na?e iaoeiaee aea?? ia aea/aii?
iniaeeainoae eeoa iaeiiai ?c aeae?a neiaioai?aiiy –
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai. A nai?io aeine?aeaeaii? ie iaee ca iaoo:
ii-ia?oa, aecia/eoe iniaeeaino? canai?iiy neaai/oth/eie ae?oueie
no?oeoo?e neiaa ? niinia?a neiaioai?aiiy, ye? i?aeei?ththoueny iaaiei
caeiiii??iinoyi; ii-ae?oaa, iieacaoe aca?iica’ycee ui ?niothoue i?ae
iaeeieoeyie ??cieo ??ai?a iiaeaiiy: neiaioai?/eie c iaeiiai aieo,
eaene/ieie ? a?aiaoe/ieie – c ae?oaiai.

A ca’yceo c oei, ui noai ciaiue ? oi?iue ii neiaioai?aiith a oeie? aeey
neaai/oth/eo niaoe?aeueii ia aea/aany, iai iaeaaeaei c?iaeoe aeniiaee
i?i ciaiiy oeiey?aie c? cieaeaiei neooii neiaioai?/eo iiiyoue,
iia’ycaieo ye ?c no?oeoo?ith, oae ? c ooai?aiiyi ne?a; i?i ciaiiy ieie
cia/aiiy ? ooieoe?e ii?oai, i?i neiaioai?/? oi?iiy ? o?oaeiiu? o/i?a o
/eaioaaii? ne?a ca neeaaeii ? a neiaioai?/iio ?icai??.

Iaeaaeaei oaeiae c’ynoaaoe, /e noi?iiaai? a o/i?a oi?iiy: ciaoiaeeoe
oa??io iniiao ? neiaioai?/ee oi?iaio; aecia/aoe naiaioeeo
neiaiooai?thth/iai ao?eno ? neiaioai?/a cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa;
?iaeoe neiaioai?/ee aiae?c ia a?aei?io a?ae ii?oaiiiai; i?aaeeueii
aecia/eoe niin?a ooai?aiiy aeaiiai neiaa.

E??i ia?a?aoiaaieo oi?iue, c iaoith i?aeaeuaiiy aoaeoeaiino? aeeeaaeaiiy
neiaioai?aiiy a oeie? iaiao?aeii aoei aeyaeoe, /e ai?thoue o/i?:
anoaiiaethaaoe no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/i? ca’ycee i?ae nii??aeiaieie neiaaie;
aoaeoaaoe neiaioai?/? ?yaee ? ai?caea nii??aeiaieo ne?a; aecia/aoe
eaene/ia cia/aiiy iio?aeieo ne?a, ui aiae?cothoueny, i???iooth/enue ia
naiaioeeo ii?oai aeaieo ne?a aai cia/aiiy oa??ieo iniia. Inoaii? ?c
oi?iue ? aeoaea aaaeeeaei, oae ye ?c oeoia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa
ii/eia?oueny eiai ii?oaiiee ? neiaioai?/ee aiae?ce.

A iaoa caaaeaiiy aoiaeeei: aecia/eoe ??aaiue ciaiue ? ai?iue
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ooai?thaaoe iia? ae??neiaa oeyoii ye?niiai ?
e?euee?niiai aiae?co aeiiouaieo iiieeie i?e i?ao?enaeueiiio
neiaioai?aii?.

I?iaaaeaiee iaie aiae?c, ni?anoaaeaiiy oa ocaaaeueiaiiy ?acoeueoao?a
aeine?aeaeaiiy oaeoe/iiai noaio ciaiue, oi?iue ? iaae/ie neiaioai?aiiy
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a a 5-6 eeanao na?ae/aoue i?i oa, ui oeiiaeie iiieeeaie
a oniiio ? ienaiiiio iiaeaii? o/i?a ?: iiieeee, aeeeeeai? ciaiiyi eeoa
iaeiiai ?c cia/aiue i?ao?eno (oeio “ia?aa?aoe eieao” a cia/aii? “aea?aoe
eieao”), 23,7% – 5 ee.; 35,3% – 6 ee.; iiieeee, coiiaeai? i?eaeeciei
ciaiiyi eaene/iiai cia/aiiy i?ao?eno (oeio “c?a?aoe e?iiaoo” a cia/aii?
“i?ea?aoe e?iiaoo”), 8,4% – 5 ee.; 21,8 – 6 ee.; iiieeee, coiiaeai?
iaciaiiyi nooiino? i?ao?enaeueieo ii?oai ? ?o ooieoe?iiaeueieo cia/aiue
(aaeeaaiiy a yeino? i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a ?ioeo /anoei iiae) “iaiao” –
18,0%, “ni?aaaei?o” – 20,6%, “aeioeaie” – 10,1%, “a?eiioeyie” – 18.1%,
“iaoiai” – 12,5%, “iacono??/” – 4,1%, “aeoiaaoaeueea – 5,6%, “oaa/a??” –
2,3%; iiieeee, coiiaeai? iaciaiiyi i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a, 51,4% – 5
ee., 53,5% – 6 ee.; a?aei?noth caiano i?ao?enaeueieie ae??neiaaie a
aeoeaiiio neiaieeo neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, 64,8% – 5 ee., 67,7% – 6 ee.;
a?aenooi?noth i?oeii? iaae/ee ci?ie a?aiaoe/ieo, ae??ne?aieo oi?i.
Ni?aaeeenue ?c caaaeaiiyi: 27,3% – 5 ee., 34,6% – 6 ee.

Ia iniia? eeaneo?eaoe?? oeiiaeo iiieeie aeiiouaieo neaai/oth/eie o/iyie,
iiaeaii c?iaeoe oae? aeniiaee. O/i? ia ciathoue ui oaea i?ao?ene; ye? ?o
ciai?oi? i?eeiaoe; no?oeoo?o i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a.

Aiae?c iiieeie iieacaa, ui i?ae /an aeai?o iio??aiiai aa??aioo i?e
neeaaeaii? i?ao?enaeueii? neiaioi?ie o/i? /anoi nie?athoueny ia
aeiaaeeia?, ciai?oi? i?eeiaoe neiaa, iaaeinoaoiuei iciaeiieai? ?c
naiaioeeith ii?oai, c ?o neiaioai?/eie iiaeaeyie.

Aiae?c iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a oaeoe/iiai noaio ciaiue, oi?iue, iaae/ie
canai?iiy i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a a oniiio ? ienaiiiio iiaeaii?
neaai/oth/eie o/iyie 5-6 eean?a na?ae/aoue i?i iaiao?aei?noue
iiaeaeueoiai oaeineiiaeaiiy iaoiae?a ? i?eeii?a iaa/aiiy i?ao?enaeueiiio
neiaioai?aiith ae??ne?a a 5-6 eeanao oe?e neaai/oth/eo.

E?euee?ni? iieacieee aeeiiaiiy caaaeaiue neaai/oth/eie o/iyie.

?icae?e ??? “Iaoiaee/i? oeyoe caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a ia iniia? aea/aiiy i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy”.

I?ae?icae?e 3.1. “I?aai?caoe?y oa iaoiaee/ia caaacia/aiiy neiaioai?/i?
?iaioe a i?ioean? aea/aiiy i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a”. Nenoaio ?iaioe iaae
caaaa/aiiyi neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a i?ao?enaeueieie ae??neiaaie o
i?ioean? aea/aiiy ?icae?e?a eo?no oe?a?inueei? iiae ?ic?iaeaii c
o?aooaaiiyi a?eiaeo iniaeeainoae o/i?a, ?acoeueoao?a iaea?aeaieo ia
aoai? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo, aia?oa neeaaeaii neiaiee-i?i?ioi
i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a aeey o/i?a 5-6 eean?a, iniaeea?noth yeiai ?
a?aeia?aaeaiiy iaoe?iiaeueii? niaoeeo?ee eaene/iiai neeaaeo oe?a?inueei?
iiae.

Iaoiaeeea oi?ioth/iai aenia?eiaioo ia?aaeaa/aea ?ica’ycaiiy oaeeo
caaaeaiue: oi?ioaaiiy a o/i?a /?oeiai oyaeaiiy i?i ae??ne?aiee i?ao?en;
aeoiaaiiy oaaae aei iaciaeiieo ? iaeiciaeiieo ae??ne?a c i?ao?enaie;
aecia/aiiy iioeiaeueii? aeey canai?iiy ia o?ioe? neaai/oth/eie o/iyie
e?eueeino? ae??ne?a neiaieea – i?i?ioio; i?aai?caoe?y niaoeeo?/ii?
?icoiiai? ? iiaeaii?ai? ae?yeueiino? neaai/oth/eo o/i?a c iaoith
canai?iiy iiaeo eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue c iio?aeiith iniiaith; ae?iaeaiiy o
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie aeei?enoaiiy
ae??ne?aii-i?ao?enaeueieo ne?a o iiaeaii?.

Aacoth/enue ia aeaieo aiae?co ineoieiai-iaaeaaia?/ii? ? iaoiaee/ii?
e?oa?aoo?e, ?acoeueoaoao eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo, iaie ?ic?iaeaii
iiaeaeue nenoaie ?iaioe iaae caaaa/aiiyi iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo ae?oae
5-6 eean?a i?ao?enaeueieie ae??neiaaie c o?aooaaiiyi iioeaaoe??
iaa/aiiy, ianyao ? oa?aeoa?o neiaieea – i?i?ioio, noeioethaaiiy c aieo
a/eoaey ? naiino?eii? ?iaioe o/i?a.

Neiaiee – i?i?ioi neiaioai?/i? i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aii? eaeneee
oeeaaeaii iaie a?aeiia?aeii aei iaoe aeine?aeaeaiiy c o?aooaaiiyi
nieneiai? oe?iiino? a?ae?a?aieo eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue.

Aeai? eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo cana?ae/othoue, ui a aeoeaiiio aaeeoeo
neaai/oth/eo oeiey??a ia?aaoaa? a?ae 25 aei 30% cacia/aii? e?eueeino?
niioai?aieo iio?aeieo ne?a. A oiio iio?aaa o caaaa/aii? aeoeaiiai
neiaieea o/i?a neiaioa??ieie ae??neiaaie – i/aaeaeia.

I?e a?aeai?? ne?a a?aoiaoaaeany ye iaiao?aei?noue e?euee?niiai, oae ?
ye?niiai ca?eueoaiiy neiaieeiaiai caiano neaai/oth/eo o/i?a
i?ao?enaeueieie ae??neiaaie. sse?nia oaeineiiaeaiiy ia?aaeaa/aei,
ii-ia?oa, ooi/iaiiy eaene/iiai cia/aiiy ? noa?e aaeeoeo a?aeiieo ne?a,
ii-ae?oaa, cai?io iai?aaeeueii aaeeaaieo ne?a /e ae?ac?a c ieie (??aaiue
oaeineiiaeaiiy eaenai) ?, ii-o?ao?, iciaeiieaiiy c iaa?aeiieie o/iyi
eaene/ieie cia/aiiyie oaea a?aeiieo ne?a (??aaiue iiiiaiaiiy nai).

Iniaeea?noue neiaieeiai? ?iaioe ?c neiaioai?aiiy iieyaa? a oiio, ui
canai?iiy iiaeo ne?a ia caeeoa?oueny ia ??ai? ni?eeiyooy, a aeiaaa?
?aae?caoe?? o a?aeiia?aeieo oi?iiyo ? iaae/eao. Iaieiae?iiy ieie ?
noaiiaeei iniiao iaoiaeo ai?aa, ye? a aeeaeaeoeoe? aecia/athoueny ye
ieaiii??ii i?aai?ciaaia iiaoi?ia aeei?enoaiiy ae?? (?icoiiai? /e
i?aeoe/ii?), ye ?c iaoith iaieiae?iiy iath, oae ? aeey i?aeaeuaiiy ??
yeino? (I.ss.Aaeueia??i, A.ss.Iaeueie/aeei). Neiaioai?/? ai?aae
ni?eythoue caaaa/aiith iiaeaiiy o/i?a, oi?ioaaiith oi?iue na?aeiiiai
iaieiae?iiy neiaioai?/eie, eaene/ieie caniaaie, ci?oeiththoue
aca?iica’ycie i?ae eaene/ieie cia/aiiyie ? oi?iiyi ei?enooaaoeny
eaene/iei caianii iiae. Caaaeaiiy ia aecia/aiiy ci?noo ? aaeeaaiiy
neiaioai?aiue o iiaeaii? ? iniiaith neiaieeiai? ?iaioe ? aeeiiothoueny c
iaia’yceiaith iii?ith ia eiioaeno o eiai ??ciiaeaeao.

Aacoth/enue ia aeaieo eiinoaoaoe?yo, aoei aeae?eaii 4 oeie neiaioai?/eo
ai?aa: iiyniaiiy cia/aiue ne?a; naiaioe/ia a?oioaaiiy ne?a; aiae?c
eaene/ieo cania?a oaenoo; neeaaeaiiy neiaioai?aiue, neiainiieo/aiue,
?a/aiue, oaenoo.

Aeiae?ath/e ai?aae, caaaeaiiy, ni?yiiaai? ia caaaa/aiiy iiaeaiiy aeania
i?ao?enaeueieie ae??neiaaie, ie ia?aaeaa/aee ? canoinoaaiiy cania?a
iaa/aiiy. Ia?o ca ana, i?eioeei iai/iino? iia’ycoaaany ?c aeei?enoaiiyi
ie?aieo ?a/aiue, ooaeiaei?o oaeno?a, iaiao?aeieo aeey niinoa?aaeaiiy
iaae iiaith, aeoiaaiiy ?ioa?ano aei iaciaeiieo oa iaeiciaeiieo ne?a,
ci?oeiaiiy (cae??ieaiiy) ?o o iai’yo? neaai/oth/eo o/i?a. sse na?ae/aoue
?acoeueoaoe iaoiai aeine?aeaeaiiy oaeee i?aeo?ae aei iai/iino? o ?iaio?
c neiaioai?o ? aei?aaaeaiei ? a?aeiia?aea? aeiiaai no/anii? aeeaeaeoeee.
Iaeiae ?aae?caoe?y i?eioeeio iai/iino? oeei ia iaiaaeoaaeany, ine?eueee
o i?ioean? ?iaioe oe?iei canoiniaoaaeenue oaaeeoe?, ieaeaoe, noaie.

C o?aooaaiiyi oiai, ui ?iaioa ii oi?ioaaiith ai?iiy neiaioai?aiiy o/i?a
a?aeaoaaeany o aeae?eueea aoai?a, an? i?eeiie ?icae?ey?ii ia 4 a?oie, ui
ioiieththoue ni?eeiyooy, inieneaiiy, caiai’yoiaoaaiiy ? canoinoaaiiy
iaaooeo ciaiue ? oi?iue.

I?eeiie ?iaioe iaae caaaa/aiiyi iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ca
aeiiiiiaith canai?iiy ciaiue neiaioai?aiiy: ia ni?eeiyooy, inieneaiiy,
caiai’yoiaoaaiiy ? canoinoaaiiy eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue; ia inieneaiiy
iiaeo eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue; neiaioai?aiue iiaeo eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue oa
canoinoaaiiy neiaioai?/eo oi?iue neaai/oth/eo o/i?a.

I?ioean caaaa/aiiy iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a 5-6 eean?a iio?aeiith
aeania i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiith eaeneeith ia?aaeaa/a? e?eueea aoai?a.

Aenia?eiaioaeueiei iaoa??aeii o aeine?aeaeaii? neoaoaaee i?ae?o/ieee
oe?a?inueei? iiae, e?oa?aoo?e, ooaeiaei? oai?e, ?aeiiaiaeiaai? aeey
iicaeeaniiai /eoaiiy o oeeo eeanao, neiaieee, aeia?aeieee, oiui.

I?e aecia/aii? caaaeaiue a?aoiaoaaeeny ?acoeueoaoe eiinoaooth/iai
aenia?eiaioo. Aoei ioiieaii 160 o/i?a niaoe?aeueieo oe?e aeey
neaai/oth/eo.

Aeey eiio?ieth iaa/aiiy ca aenia?eiaioaeueiith iaoiaeeeith i?iaiaeeeeny
a?oiia? eiio?ieuei? ?iaioe i?ney aeeiiaiiy o/iyie caaaeaiue. E?eoa???
ioe?iie ca aeeiiai? caaaeaiiy aoee iaeiaeiaeie ye aeey eiinoaooth/iai
aoaio aeine?aeaeaiiy, oae ? aeey oi?ioth/iai.

Oae, ia ? aoai? aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe
ia?aaeaa/aea iciaeiieaiiy o/i?a ?c i?ao?enaeueiei niiniaii
neiaioai?aiiy. Neiaa, ooai?ai? ?ioeie niiniaaie, a naia
i?ao?enaeueii-noo?enaeueiei ? aacao?eniei, c iaoith aeyniaiiy ?o noo?
?icaeyaeaeeny ia o?ieao a?aiaoeee ? /eoaiiy, a oaeiae i?e aiae?c? ?
a?oioaaii? neiaioai?/eo ?yae?a.

O aeine?aeiiio iaa/aii? ii?oaiia eiino?othaaiiy nenoaiaoe/ii
aeei?enoiaoaaeiny iaie ye can?a oi?ioaaiiy o ae?oae oi?iiy aiae?coaaoe
no?oeoo?o iio?aeiiai neiaa ? i?aeae?aoe aea?eaaoe a?aeiia?aeii aei
aeacaiiai neeaaeo. Aeaee caaaeaiue ia ooai?aiiy ne?a ?c ii?oai iino?eii
oneeaaeithaaeeny i?e aea/aii? i?ao?ena. C oe??th iaoith e??i ai?aa ia
i?aea?? iio?aeieo iaeeieoeue ?c iaaiei neiaioai?/ei ao?enii, aaiaeeeeny
oaeiae caaaeaiiy ia neioac an?o a?aeiieo neaai/oth/ei o/iyi cia/oueo
/anoei. Niin?a eiino?othaaiiy iio?aeieo ne?a aeei?enoiaoaaany o/iyie i?e
a?aeaaaeoaaii? ? neeaaeaii? oa?aae. Aeey iieaaoaiiy
aiae?oeei-neioaoe/ii? ?iaioe neaai/oth/ei ae?oyi nii/aoeo i?iiiioaaeeny
a?eueo aeinooii? caaaeaiiy, ye? iinooiiai oneeaaeithaaeeny.

Nii/aoeo i?e i?iaaaeaii? neiaioai?/eo ai?aa, ni?yiiaaieo ia oi?ioaaiiy
ai?iiy iiynithaaoe naiaioeeo neiaa, noaaeeany iaoa caaacia/eoe na?aeiiee
oa?aeoa? iaieiae?iiy ae?oueie oeei niiniaii ?ice?eooy cia/aiiy ne?a. I?e
ooai?aii? aeieiiaiiai aeaeo ae??neiaa i?aae’yaeyeeny i?ao?ene ia o?eueee
ye niin?a ooai?aiiy aeaeo, aea ? ye nieneiaee eiiiiiaio ae??neiaa; o/iyi
aeaaaany nienie aaci?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a, iio?i ca aeiiiiiaith
i?ao?en?a aiie ooai?thaaee ae??neiaa aeieiiaiiai aeaeo.

Oaeei /eiii, oi?ioth/e o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oi?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe a
nai?io iiaeaii? i?ao?enaeuei? neiaa, a?aoiaoaaany ca’ycie aeaii?
a?aiaoe/ii? oaie c ?ioeie. Aeia?? iaoa??aeo ? iiaea/a eiai
cae?enithaaeany ?c o?aooaaiiyi nieneiaeo a?aeo?ie?a, ye? aiineoue
i?ao?en o neiai. Aoaeoeaii aeei?enoiaoaaeeny ia o?ieao oaaeeoe?, noaie,
oaoi?/i? caniae iaa/aiiy. C iaoith ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy aeaiiino?oaaee
neaai/oth/ei o/iyi oeyoii cae?eniaiiy ae?e, ?oo?a ? aeano?a, ye
ooieoe?iiothoue i?ao?ene a ae?eniiio iiaeaii?aiio aeo?.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia iaa/aiiy iieacaei, ui (a ii??aiyii? c ai?aaaie ia
eiino?othaaiiy iio?aeieo ne?a ca c?aceii) neioaoe/i? neiaioai?/?
caaaeaiiy oai?/iai oa?aeoa?o ia o?eueee i?aeaeuothoue aeoeai?noue o/i?a
i?e ?o aeeiiaii?, aea ? aaciina?aaeiuei aieeaathoue ia neiaiee
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, ine?eueee aeiaaathoue a?ae ieo oi?iiy ni?aa?aeiineoe
naiaioeeo ?c no?oeoo?ith iiaiooai?aiue. Oae? ai?aae iaee ?icaeaath/ee
aieea ia o?eueee ia ?icoiia? cae?aiino? neaai/oth/eo ae?oae, aea ? ia
e?iaa?noe/ia /oooy, iai’youe.

Ioaea, aeinyaoe ona?aeiieaiiai canai?iiy neiaioai?/eo caeiiii??iinoae oa
i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy iiaeaii?ai? eoeueoo?e aeneiaethaaiue neaai/oth/eo
ae?oae iiaeeeai eeoa ca oiiae i?aai?caoe?? niaoe?aeueii? ?iaioe,
ni?yiiaaii? ia caiia?aaiiy oa aei?aaeaiiy neiaioai?/eo iiieeie.
Aeoiaey/e c oeueiai, iaieiae?iiy ii?iiaaiei iia?oaaiiyi neiaaie ?c
iio?aeiith no?oeoo?ith a eiie?aoieo iiaeaii?aeo neooaoe?yo iiaeooue
?icaeyaeaoeny ye iai?yiie aea/aiiy neeaaeo neiaa ? ii?oieia?/iiai
niiniao neiaioai?aiiy a aniaeo? ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a.

C iaoith iiia?aaeaeaiiy iiaeeeaeo iiieeie neiaioai?/iai oa?aeoa?o a
onieo ? ienueiiaeo ?iaioao a aenia?eiaioaeueiiio iaa/aii? cae?eniaia
niaoe?aeueia iiaeaii?aa i?aeaioiaea neaai/oth/eo ae?oae aei ?o
iaienaiiy. I?aeoeeoaaeeny caaaeaiiy c aeei?enoaiiyi i?oia?ao?/iiai
neiaieea: a?aeooeoaaiiy nii??aeiaieo ne?a, c?noaaeaiiy ooai?aiiai neiaa
neaai/oth/eie ae?oueie c eiai ii?iaoeaiith oi?iith, aeienoaaiiy
iaeiii?ao?enaeueieo ne?a, a oaeiae aeei?enoiaoaaany oeeaaeaiee iaie
neiaiee-i?i?ioi.

Oaeei /eiii, ?icaeyioo? iaie aeaee ?ia?o, ye? ai?iaaaeaeoaaeeny a
aeine?aeiiio iaa/aii? ni?yiiaoaaeeny ia oi?ioaaiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a
i?aaeeueiiai iiaeaiiy, ia i?aeaeuaiiy eiai eoeueoo?iiai ??aiy, ia
i?enei?aiiy iaaeeaeaiiy iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo ae?oae aei iiaeaiiy
/oth/eo iin??a iiae.

?iaioa iaae neiii?i?/iith ni?aa?aeianai?noth iio?aeieo ne?a iaaoea a
aenia?eiaioaeueiiio iaa/aii? iniaeeai aaaeeeaiai cia/aiiy, oiio ui
ia?aaeaa/aea o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a aeoiaaiiy aano?aeoii? oaaae ye aei
iiae?aieo, oae ? aei a?aei?iieo iniaeeainoae eiaeiiai /eaia
neiii?i?/iiai ?yaeo. Nenoaiaoe/ia aeeiiaiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie
eaene/ieo ai?aa ?c neiii?i?/ieie iio?aeieie neiaaie cae??iethaaei
eaene/i? iiiyooy, iinooiiai i?ea/aei ae?oae a?ae/oaaoe ??cieoeth i?ae
neiaaie aeecueeeie ca cia/aiiyi, iiynithaaoe ??, a oaeiae ?icaeaaei
iiaia /oooy o/i?a. Aiaeia?/ii a iaoiaeeoe? iaa/aiiy aoaeoaaeeny ai?aae c
iaoith i?aeoe/iiai canai?iiy aioii?i?/ieo ne?a. Niiniae o?aioaaiiy
(ai?aae), ni?yiiaai? ia ?icaeoie iiaioai?/i? nenoaie neaai/oth/i?
aeeoeie – oea, ia?aaeon?i, ?a?ia? aeeeoaioe, eiino?othaaiiy ne?a ?
oaeno?a ?c aeaiiai iiaeaii?aiai iaoa??aeo (ne?a ?c aeaieo ii?oai,
oaeno?a, a yeeo iathoue aooe aeai? ae??neiaa – aioii?ie); eiino?othaaiiy
ne?a – ae??ne?a ca aeaiith noaiith ? cai?ioiee ii?yaeie ?iaioe –
neeaaeaiiy ii?oaiieo aai neiaioai?/eo noai, aeaieo ne?a – i?ao?enaeueieo
ae??ne?a. ?, cae/aeii, ai?aae ia ?ici??eiaoaaiiy ca c?aceii, ye?
ca?aeiiaiaeoaaee naaa ye o?aioaaiiy ?icoiiaiai eiiiiiaioo ?ioaeaeoo
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, aoaeoeaiee can?a ?icaeoeo eoeueoo?e ?o iiaeaiiy.
Oaeei /eiii, aoei aeei?enoaii iiiaae 54 aeaee ai?aa.

I?ae?icae?e 3.2. “Ia?aa??ea aoaeoeaiino? iaoiaeeee neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe
ni?yiiaaii? ia caaaa/aiiy eaene/iiai caiano neaai/oth/eo o/i?a 5-6
eean?a”.

C iaoith aecia/aiiy nooiaith aieeao nenoaiaoe/ii? oai?/i? ?iaioe ia
oi?ioaaiiy neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, a naia ia caaaa/aiiy eiai
iio?aeii? eaeneee, iaie aoea i?iaaaeaia niaoe?aeueia ienueiiaa ?iaioa.

I?e a?aeai?? aeine?aeieoeueeeo e?eoa???a ie aeoiaeeee c oiai, ui ??aaiue
iaieiae?iiy neaai/oth/eie oeiey?aie iio?aeiith eaeneeith iiaea aooe
ioa?aeoa?eciaaiee: a) oi?iiyi iiynieoe cia/aiiy ne?a-aea?eaao?a; a)
na?aaeiueith e?euee?noth nii??aeiaieo ne?a, naiino?eii i?ae?a?aieo aei
aeaiiai neiaa; a) iayai?noth ? /anoioith aaeeaaiiy ne?a neeaaeii?
ii?oaiii? no?oeoo?e o ca’ycieo aeneiaethaaiiyo.

Aaaaeaeiny, ui iaeiei ?c iieaciee?a ona?aeiieaiiy noo? iio?aeieo ne?a
iiaea oaeiae neoaoaaoe i?aaeeuei?noue /eaioaaiiy ?o ia cia/ou? /anoeie,
ine?eueee a i?ioean? aiae?co ae?oe iiaeii? aoee ni?aa?aeianoe neiaa,
iia’ycai? ia o?eueee no?oeoo?ii, aea ? naiaioe/ii. Aeacai? iieacieee
aecia/eee oa?aeoa? cai?iiiiiaaieo o/iyi caaaeaiue.

Ai?iaaaeaeaiiy aenia?eiaioaeueii? iaoiaeeee aea/aiiy neeaaeo neiaa, yea
ia?aaeaa/aea iino?eio i???ioaoe?th o/eoaey ia caaaa/aiiy neiaieea
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, ia? iiceoeaiee aieea ia ye?noue oi?ioaaiiy oi?iiy
?iciaaeiaoaaoe neiaioi?ie ? iaeiiei??ii? neiaa. Oea i?aeoaa?aeaeo?
ni?aa?aeiioaiiy iiieeie ia ioioiaeiaiiy nii??aeiaieo ne?a ?c oi?iaie
iaeiiai ? oiai ae neiaa a ?iaioao neaai/oth/eo o/i?a aenia?eiaioaeueieo
eean?a (7,5%).

Aenia?eiaioaeueia ?iaioa iieacaea, ui i?e oiia? ?aae?caoe??
cai?iiiiiaaii? iaoiaeeee neiaioai?/eo ai?aa, canai?iiy neiaioai?/eo
ai?cae neaai/oth/eie o/iyie i?ioiaeeoue cia/ii aoaeoeai?oa ca ?aooiie
ona?aeiieaiiy iciae nii??aeiaieo ne?a ? oi?iiy o/i?a aeyaeyoe cia/aiiy
ei?aiy (77,1% – 5 ee., 78,2% – 6 ee.).

E??i oiai, eiio?ieueiee c??c i?aeoaa?aeea iaoa i?eiouaiiy i?i oa, ui i?e
canoinoaaii? ?ic?iaeaii? iaie iaoiaeeee iiia?aaeaeo?oueny ci?ooaaiiy
iiiyooy “neiaici?ia” ? “neiaioai?aiiy” oa oi?io?oueny i?oeia oi?iiy
?iciaaeiaoaaoe oi?ie neiaa ? nii??aeiai? neiaa (6,3 – 5 ee., 7,2 – 6 ee.
ae??ne?a ia iaeiiai o/iy). A?aeiia?aeii a eiinoaooth/iio aenia?eiaio?
1-2 ae??neiaa ia iaeiiai o/iy 5 – 6 ee.

sse?niee aiae?c iaeiiei??iieo ne?a, i?ae?a?aieo o/iyie
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a, a?aeia?aaea? iiceoeai? c?ooaiiy a canai?ii?
ieie iio?aeii? eaeneee (28,5 ae??neiaa – 5 ee., 31,5 – 6 ee. ae??ne?a ia
iaeiiai o/iy, a?aeiia?aeii a eiinoaooth/iio aenia?eiaio? ~ 4 ae??neiaa 5
ee, 5,4 ae??neiaa ia iaeiiai o/iy 6 ee). Ia?o ca ana a?aei?oeii cia/ia
i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy i?aaeeueiino? aaeeaaiiy eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue, a
aeine?aeieo eeanao. Aeaiee oaeo na?ae/eoue, c iaeiiai aieo, i?i aeeaiea
ona?aeiieaiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie, ye? iaa/aeenue ca
aenia?eiaioaeueiith iaoiaeeeith, iii?iaoeaii? ooieoe?? neiaa, a, c
?ioiai – i?i inieneaiiy oeiey?aie aca?iica’yceo i?ae cia/aiiyi
iio?aeiiai neiaa ? eiai no?oeoo?ith. E??i oiai, io?eiai? aeai?
i?aeoaa?aeaeothoue oaeiae aeioe?euei?noue i?aai?caoe?? nenoaiaoe/ii?
?iaioe ii iiia?aaeaeaiith ? aei?aaeaiith neiaioai?/eo iiieeie, oa
iaiao?aei?noue niaoe?aeueieo ai?aa c iaoith canai?iiy neaai/oth/eie
o/iyie caeiiii??iinoae niieo/aiiy ii?oai.

Io?eiai? aeai? i?i aeoeaiee caian ao?enaeueieo ne?a o iiaeaii?
neaai/oth/eo ae?oae i?i ??aaiue ona?aeiieaiiy o/iyie no?oeoo?e iio?aeieo
iaeeieoeue, a oaeiae i?i iayai?noue neiaioai?/eo ii?oai a e?iaa?noe/i?e
na?aeiiino? neaai/oth/eo o/i?a na?ae/aoue ?acoeueoaoe e?euee?niiai
aiae?co. Oae, eiio?ieueiee c??c, iieacaa, ui c cai?iiiiiaaiiai oai?o
eiaeai i’yoeeeaniee i?eaaaeaa ? aeienaa a na?aaeiueiio 29 ne?a ?c
i?ao?enaie, a a 6-eo eeanao 32 neiaa ?c 35 cai?iiiiiaaieo. Aeeiiaiiy
caaaeaiiy ia iiyniaiiy ne?a aeaei iiaeeea?noue aeyaeoe ??aaiue
noi?iiaaiino? o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oi?iiy i?aaeeueii ?icoi?oe eaene/ia
cia/aiiy iiaiai neiaa, iiynieoe eiai cia/aiiy nie?ath/enue ia
no?oeoo?ii-ci?noiaiee aiae?c iio?aeiiai neiaa. I?aaeeueii aeeiiaee oe?
caaaeaiiy 60,7% – o/i?a 5 ee., 62,7% – 6 ee., ui na?ae/eoue i?i cia/ii
aeuee ??aaiue iieaciee?a eiinoaooth/iai aenia?eiaioo, a?aeiia?aeii
aeyaeaii i?aaeeuei? aeniiaee 4,5 – 5 ee. 5,1 – 6 ee., /anoeiai
i?aaeeuei? 6,5 – 5 ee. ? 10,7 – 6 ee.

Aenia?eiaioaeueia ia?aa??ea iaoiaeeee neiaioai?/iai aiae?co a oeie?
neaai/oth/eo aeicaieeea c?iaeoe aeniiaie i?i oiiae i?aeaeuaiiy
?acoeueoaoeaiino? iaieiae?iiy aeaiei aeaeii iiaiiai ?icai?o. C oe??th
iaoith iaiao?aeii:

1. Caaacia/eoe iaieiae?iiy no?oeoo?ith neiaa, nie?ath/enue ia aeinoaoi?e
??aaiue i?ciaaaeueii? aeoeaiino? o/i?a, oi?ioth/e a?aeiia?aei? ?icoiia?
iia?aoe??.

2. Ai?iaaaeaeoaaoe niaoe?aeueiee eiiieaen ai?aa, ni?yiiaaiee ia ?icaeoie
oi?iiy niieo/aoe neiaioai?/ee aiae?c c naiaioe/iei ? oi?ioth/e iino?eio
oaaao aei cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa oa eiai eiiiiiaio?a.

3. Aeoeaii ai?iaaaeaeoaaoe iaoiaee i?aae’yaeaiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa a
?a/aii? oa ca’yciiio oaeno?.

4. Caaacia/oaaoe aca?iica’ycie aiae?oe/ii? ? neioaoe/ii? ae?yeueiino?
o/i?a a i?ioean? aeaiaioa?iiai neiaioai?/iai aiae?co.

5. Aeei?enoaiiy a?aeiia?aeii? iai/iino?.

6. Caaacia/eoe nenoaiaoe/ia i?iaaaeaiiy ai?aa ia aiae?c neiaioai?/i?
no?oeoo?e neiaa oa oe?eani?yiiaaia caa?iaiiy aei aeaiaioa?iiai
neiaioai?/iai aiae?co ye niiniao ?ice?eooy naiaioeee iio?aeieo eaene/ieo
iaeeieoeue ia o?ieao /eoaiiy.

7. Iaoeiai aiioeaiaaiee a?aea?? ne?a, ye? i?iiiiothoueny aeey
neiaioai?/iai aiae?co c a?aooaaiiyi: a) iinooiiaiai ia?inoaiiy
o?oaeiiu?a; a) ca?ao ii?oaiii? ? neiaioai?/i? no?oeoo? neiaa; a)
i?iaeoeoeaiino? ? ?aaoey?iino? neiaioai?/eo oei?a.

Oaeei /eiii, iaa/ath/e o/i?a aeaiaioa?iiio neiaioai?/iio aiae?co, ie,
ii-ia?oa, noai?thaaee i?oeio iniiao aeey iiaiioe?iiiai iaieiae?iiy oeei
aeaeii iiaiiai ?icai?o ia ianooiieo nooiaiyo iaa/aiiy iia?. Ii-ae?oaa,
i?aaenoaaeaia iaoiaeeea iaa/aiiy neiaioai?aiiy ia? iiceoeaiee aieea ia
ona?aeiieaiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie nieneiai? noi?iie iio?aeieo ne?a, ia
i?aaeeuei?noue ? oi/i?noue aaeeaaiiy a iiaeaii?a?e i?aeoeoe? eaene/ieo
iaeeieoeue c iio?aeiith iniiaith. Ii-o?ao?, oi?iiy o/i?a aiae?coaaoe
neeaae neiaa neoaoaaei iniiaith oi?ioaaiiy i?oia?ao?/ieo iaae/ie.
Ii-/aoaa?oa, o?aioaaiiy ae?oae a no?oeoo?ii-nieneiaiio aiae?c? iio?aeieo
ne?a iiceoeaii aieeaaei ia ?o aeiiai? caeaoiino? iaoiiaethaaoe,
aeiaiaeeoe, oiaoi ia ?icaeoie o ieo ieneaii?aeo iia?aoe?e, i?aaeiaoii
yeeo ? neiai, eiai naiaioeea.

O ?acoeueoao? i?iaaaeaiiy c??ciai? ?iaioe iaie aoee io?eiai? aeai?, ye?
i?aeoaa?aeeee, ui: a) o/i? aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a iaieiae?ee
aeinoaoiuei i?oeieie iaae/eaie aeaiaioa?iiai neiaioai?/iai aiae?co ?
ai?iiyi ei?enooaaoeny iei ye aoaeoeaiei niiniaii ?ice?eooy cia/aiiy
iio?aeiiai neiaa; a) cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea caaaa/aiiy neiaieea
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ia aac? neiaioai?aiiy caaacia/eea ona?aeiieaiiy ?
iaeiie/aiiy a e?iaa?noe/i?e iai’yo? o/i?a aeine?aeieo eean?a cia/ii?
e?eueeino? neiaioai?/eo iaeeieoeue ?c neeaaeiith ii?oaiiith no?oeoo?ith,
a oaeiae ni?eyea canai?iith ae?oueie neiaioai?/eo ii?i oe?a?inueei?
iiae; a) aenia?eiaioaeueia iaoiaeeea ?iaioe iaae ii?oaiiei neeaaeii
neiaa ? iniiaaie neiaioai?aiiy a aniaeo? ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy, a naia i?e
oiia? iino?eiiai caa?oaiiy aei cia/aiiy iio?aeiiai neiaa ? neeaaeiaeo
eiai ii?oai a?eueo aoaeoeaia a ii??aiyii? c o?aaeeoe?eiei i?aeoiaeii aei
aea/aiiy ?icae?eo “Neeaae neiaa”.

sse iieacaei aenia?eiaioaeueia iaa/aiiy, ?acoeueoaoeai?noue caaaa/aiiy
neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iio?aeieie ae??neiaaie caaacia/o?oueny
ianooiieie oiiaaie: a) noai?aiiy oai?aoe/ii? aace aeey i?iaaaeaiiy
neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe, a naia, oi?ioaaiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iiiyooy
ii?oaie ye cia/oui? /anoeie neiaa; a) i???ioaoe?y nenoaie aea/aiiy
ii?oaiiiai neeaaeo neiaa ia i?aeneeaiiy iiaeaii?aiai aniaeoo, a naia, ia
ae?iaeaiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a eaeneei-naiaioe/iiai ?
nenoaiii-eaene/iiai iiaeyaeo ia iio?aeia neiai; a) ieaiii??iee,
nenoaiaoe/iee, oe?eani?yiiaaiee oa?aeoa? i?iaaaeaiiy ??ciiiai?oieo
neiaioai?/eo ai?aa; a) anoaiiaeaiiy o?niiai aca?iica’yceo aiae?oe/ieo ?
neioaoe/ieo aeae?a neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe; ae) caaacia/aiiy aeoiaeo
neiaioai?/eo ai?aa o ca’ycia iiaeaiiy; a) aeoea?caoe?y ?icoiiai?
ae?yeueiino? neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, iii?a ia ?o i?ciaaaeuei? cae?aiino?,
ieneaiiy ? iai’youe; ?) oe?eani?yiiaaiee a?aea?? eaeneee aeey aeeth/aiiy
a neiaioai?/? ai?aae.

Ii??aiyiiy aeaieo ianoaaeaiiy neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a
aenia?eiaioaeueieo eean?a na?ae/eoue i?i i?aaeeuei?noue iaoeo i?eiouaiue
i?i oa, ui i?aeneeaiiy oaaae aei nieneiai? noi?iie iio?aeiiai neiaa ?
eiai neeaaeiaeo ii?oai ? iaeaaaeeea?oei caniaii iiceoeaiiai aieeao ia
i?aeaeuaiiy ??aiy iiaeaii?aeo oi?iue neaai/oth/eo o/i?a. Nooi?noue
oeueiai aieeao iieyaa? a ona?aeiieaii? neaai/oth/eie o/iyie eaene/iiai
cia/aiiy iio?aeieo ne?a (iiaeo ? oeo, ui cono??/aeenue ?ai?oa), a
e?euee?niiio caaaa/aii? caiano neiaioai?/eo cania?a ? iio?aeieo
eaene/ieo iaeeieoeue, a oe?eani?yiiaaiiio ?icoe?aii? ?yae?a a?aeai?o
iio?aeieo ne?a, a oaeiae o ieaiii??iiio ae?iaeaii? oi?iiy noee?noe/ii
oi/ii ? eiioi?eaoeaii aeioe?eueii aaeeaaoe iio?aei? neiaa o aeaniiio
iiaeaii?.

Aenia?eiaio iieacaa, ui neiaioai?/? ai?aae caaacia/eee i?ciaaaeueio
aeoeai?noue ? naiino?ei?noue neaai/oth/eo o/i?a, ni?eyee aeeaieiio
canai?iith ieie i?ia?aiiaiai iaoa??aeo c ?icae?eo “Neeaae neiaa” ?
oi?ioaaee o ieo ai?iiy aeei?enoiaoaaoe iaaoo? ciaiiy a iiaeaii?a?e
i?aeoeoe? neiaioai?aiiy.

AENIIAEE

I?iaeaia neiaioai?aiiy a oeie? aeey neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ia o?ieao
oe?a?inueei? iiae ? iaei??th c aeooaeueieo ia no/aniiio aoai? ?icaeoeo
niaoe?aeueii? oeiee, ine?eueee aeineiiaea aieiae?iiy ??aeiith iiaith –
iiaooi?e can?a naiiae?aaeaiiy iniaenoino?, aieeao ia ?ioeo ethaeae,
aeinyaiaiiy iaoe o ae?iaie/?e noa??, a?iiaaenueeiio e iniaenoiio aeeoo?.

Oai?aoe/iiio ? i?aeoe/iiio ?ica’ycaiith oe??? i?iaeaie cia/iith i??ith
ni?eyei aeei?enoaiiy eiioi?eaoeaii-ae?yeuei?niiai oa ooieoe?iiaeueiiai
i?aeoiae?a, ye? iinoathoue caniaii, ui ii?aeio? a ?aeeia oe?ea iiaiee ?
iiaeaii?aee ci?no eo?no oe?a?inueei? iiae, ? ?aae?caoe?y yeiai ni?ey?
oni?oiiio oi?ioaaiith a o/i?a eiioi?eaoeaieo oi?iue ? iaae/ie.

Ia iniia? iaoeo aeine?aeaeaiue ie aaaaea?ii, ui ?ic?iaea ci?noo ?
nenoaie aea/aiiy i?ao?ena a oeie? neaai/oth/eo ae?oae aoaeo?oueny ia
aeeaeaeoe/ieo ? ineoieia?/ieo i?eioeeiao; nai???aeiino? oe?a?inueeiai
i?ao?ena ? iine?aeiai?e aiae?oeei-neioaoe/i?e ?iaio?.

Ie ae?eoee aei aeniiaeo, ui i?ao?en – iaeia c iaeaaae/eo oai aeey o/i?a;
iaciaiiy i?ao?ena, iaai?iiy aeae?eyoe eiai o neia? ? iaei??th c i?e/ei
iaa?aiioiiai iaienaiiy ? aeiiae. *anoeia i?ao?en?a i?aeeyaa? ci?i? a
i?oia?ao?/iiio ieai?: iaeooaiiy a?aeia?aaea?oueny ia aeiia? i?ao?ena c-
(n’oe’?aeeoe, n’oe’?eeoe). O?oaeiiu? i?ao?enaeueiiai neiaioai?aiiy
oneeaaeiththoueny ? o??th ianoaaeiith, ui a oe?a?inuee?e iia? ?niothoue
i?ao?ene, aeoaea aeecuee? ca cao/aiiyi, iaienaiiy yeeo ?ic??ciy?oueny
o?eueee ca naiaioe/ieie iciaeaie. Aeey ae?iaeaiiy i?aaeeueiiai iaienaiiy
ne?a c aeaieie i?ao?enaie iaiao?aeii aeiaanoe aei na?aeiiino?
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iniiai? cia/aiiy, ye? i?eiinyoueny a neiaa aeaieie
i?ao?enaie. E??i oeacaieo o?oaeiiu?a, ne?ae a?aei?oeoe ? oae?:

1. Anoaiiaeaii, ui: a) neaai/oth/? o/i? ni?eeiathoue i?ao?ene ye
i?eeiaiieee ? ieoooue ie?aii a?ae ei?aiy; a) o/i? aiai?youe: ii/aa ?ic
eacaa, e?i/ea ?ic eacaoue; a) niinoa??aa?oueny cia/iee aieea i?ao?ena ia
i?eeiaiieeiai-a?aei?ieiaa ea?oaaiiy ae??ne?a. Canai?oe neaai/oth/ei
o/iyi iaeii/anii an? oe? yaeua aeoaea aaaeei. Oiio, ?iaioa iaae
canai?iiyi i?ao?ena ia iiaea i?iaiaeeoeny iaeii?aciai a iaeiiio yeiionue
eean?, a iiaeiia aeeiioaaoeny i?ioyaii aea/aiiy anueiai eo?no
oe?a?inueei? iiae. ?iciiae?e i?ao?en?a, a?ae?a?aieo aeey canai?iiy a
eiaeiiio eiie?aoiiio aeiaaeeo, iiaeiai i?iaiaeeoeny c o?aooaaiiyi ?o
ooieoe?e ? o?oaeiiu?a o canai?ii?.

2. Oaia I?ao?en ia? aooe aeeth/aia a i?ia?aio aeey 5-6 eean?a, ine?eueee
iaoa aeine?aeaeaiiy i?aeoaa?aeeei oea ? a ?ioa?anao ?icaeoeo iiaeaiiy
neaai/oth/eo o/i?a aeineoue i?aeaioiaeaieo aei iiaeaeueoi? ?iaioe iaae
oeei a?aiaoe/iei iaoa??aeii.

1. Anoaiiaeaii, ui iaoiaee/ia nenoaia aea/aiiy i?ao?ena iiaeiia
aoaeoaaoeny c o?aooaaiiyi: niaoeeo?/ieo o?oaeiiu?a o canai?ii? o/iyie
oe?a?inueeiai neiaioai?aiiy; i?eioeei?a i?iaeoeoeaiino? niieo/aiiy ne?a
?c i?ao?enaie ? i?aeoe/ii? iaiao?aeiino? a?aeai?o i?i?ioio a?aiaoe/iiai
? eaene/iiai iaoa??aeo ye ca ?ieaie iaa/aiiy, oae ? a iaaeao
iaa/aeueiiai eo?no eiaeiiai eeano (4-8); ?iaioe iaae i?ao?enii ia
?cieueiaaii, a a neeaae? neiainiieo/aiiy, ?a/aiiy, a oaeiae caaacia/aiiy
ieaiii??iiai iiaoi?aiiy on?o ne?a c i?ao?enaie, ye? i?aeeyaathoue
aeoeaiiio aea/aiith; c a?aooaaiiyi nenoaiaoe/ii? ?iaioe c
a?aei?aoethaaiiyi o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a iaae/ie i?aaeeueii? aeiiae ?
i?aaiieno ae??ne?a c i?ao?enaie, caaacia/eea ?aae?caoe?th caaaeaiue,
iinoaaeaieo o aeine?aeaeaii?. Iiaeaii?aee ?icaeoie neaai/oth/eo o/i?a
iiaeiai nie?aoeny ia ciaiiy oa oi?iiy ooai?thaaoe iia? neiaa, i?aaeea
neiaioai?aiiy oa neeaaeo neiaa, ui eaaeaoue a iniia? eiioi?eaoeaieo
oi?iue ? iaae/ie.

2. Noai?aia ? ?aae?ciaaia a aeine?aeiiio iaa/aii? nenoaia neiaioai?/eo
ai?aa c ooai?aiiy i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a, a ca?aene, ? iiiiaiaiiy
eaene/iiai caiano ni?ey? caaacia/aiith i?aeaioiaee o/i?a aei iaieiae?iiy
ca’yciei iiaeaiiyi.

3. Cai?iiiiiaaia iaoiaeeea ?iaioe iaae neiaioai?aiiyi, ye neeaaeiaa
/anoeia iaoiaee/ii? nenoaie iaa/aiiy ca’yciiio iiaeaiith a
niaoe?aeuei?e oeie? aeey neaai/oth/eo, caaacia/o? iaieiae?iiy ciaiiyie
i?i neeaae neiaa, neiaioai?aiiy, oi?iiyie noai?thaaoe
ae??ne?aii-i?ao?enaeuei? neiaa.

4. Anoaiiaeaii, ui neiaioai?/a ae?yeuei?noue a on?o ?? aeaeao (ii?oaiia
? neiaioai?/a eiino?othaaiiy, nenoaiia ia’?aeiaiiy ne?a c iio?aeiith
iniiaith, ?iaioa ?c neiaieeii-i?i?ioiii, neooaiiy, /eoaiiy, aiai??iiy,
ienueii) i?aai?ciaaia ca aeiiiiiaith nenoaie niaoe?aeueieo neiaioai?/eo
ai?aa, cia/ii ni?ey? ae?iaeaiith a o/i?a oi?iue a?eueii ? oai?/i
aeei?enoiaoaaoe caniae iiae ? oi?io aeneiaethaaiue ?c neooaoe??th
ni?eeoaaiiy.

5. A nenoai? iaa/aiiy neiaioai?aiith aoaeoeaieie ? aoae?ia?coaeuei?
caniae (caoeicaien, oaaeeoe?, noaie, iai’yoee, noaie aiae?co ? iiaoaeiae
oaeno?a, ne?a, ?ethno?aoe?e oiui), ui aeathoue iiaeeea?noue i?aai?coaaoe
i?aeaioia/o ?iaioo iaae aeneiaethaaiiyie, ?icaeaathoue cae/eo na?aeiiiai
eiio?ieth ca ye?noth oniiai ? ienaiiiai iiaeaiiy. Aeei?enoaiiy
ocaaaeueithth/eo oaaeeoeue ? noai, neeaaeaieo c o?aooaaiiyi ??cieo
niinia?a no?oeoo?oaaiiy iaa/aeueiiai iaoa??aeo, aeicaieeei ca?eueoeoe
iiaeeeaino? ooai?thaaoe iia? ae??neiaa ca aeiiiiiaith i?ao?en?a.
Aenia?eiaio i?aeoaa?aeea aoaeoeai?noue iioeiaeueiiai aeei?enoaiiy a
iaa/aii? neiaioai?aiith ocaaaeueithth/eo oaaeeoeue ? noai, ye caniao
eiai ?ioaineo?eaoe??.

6. Ii??aiyeueiee aiae?c neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe o/i?a a eiinoaooth/iio ?
aeine?aeiiio aenia?eiaioao na?ae/eoue i?i cia/ia c?inoaiiy ??aiy
neiaioai?aiiy, ?oiuei? caaaeueii? i???ioaoe?? a nenoai? neiaioai?/eo
ai?aa, i?aeoaa?aeaeo? aoaeoeai?noue cai?iiiiiaaii? nenoaie ?iaioe c
?icaeoeo ca’yciiai iiaeaiiy a 5-6 eeanao ia o?ieao ??aeii? iiae.
Neiaioai?/? ai?aae ni?eythoue oi?ioaaiith o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a oi?iiy
na?aeiii aieiae?oe eaene/ieie caniaaie, ci?oeiththoue aca?iica’ycie i?ae
eaene/ieie ciaiiyie o/i?a ? ?o ai?iiyi ei?enooaaoeny eaene/iei caianii
iiae. Caaaeaiiy ia aecia/aiiy ci?noo ? aaeeaaiiy neiaa o iiaeaii? ?
iniiaith neiaieeiai? ?iaioe ? aeeiiothoueny c iaia’yceiaith iii?ith ia
eiioaeno.

7. A nenoai? iaa/aiiy neiaioai?aiith ie ia?aeiiaeeny a aoaeoeaiino?
aieeao neiaioai?/eo ?ai?, ?ic?iaeaieo iaie c aeei?enoaiiyi eiii’thoa?a,
ui aeathoue iiaeeea?noue i?aai?coaaoe ?iaioo ia cae??ieaiiy oi?iue ?
iaae/ie c i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy.

8. O aeine?aeaeaii? iinoaaeai? ? ?ica’ycai? ieoaiiy oi?ioaaiiy
i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy o neaai/oth/eo o/i?a. I?ioa
aeaye? c oeeo ieoaiue iio?aaothoue, ia iao iiaeyae, nai?? iiaeaeueoi?
?ic?iaee, a naia: a) aeei?enoaiiy caoeicaieno oa a?aeaicaieno a i?ioean?
iaa/aiiy i?aaeeueii? aeiiae i?ao?enaeueieo ae??ne?a; a) ca?eueoaiiy
ianyao neiaiee?a-i?i?ioi?a aeey 4-8 eean?a c o?aooaaiiyi neiaioai?/eo
iiaeeeainoae ae??ne?a oa ?ioeo /anoei iiae (?iaiiee?a, i?eeiaoiee?a oa
?i.); a) noai?aiiy eiii’thoa?ieo iaoiaeee c neiaioai?aiiy.

Iniiaiee ci?no aeine?aeaeaiiy a?aeia?aaeaiee o oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??:

1. Iniaeeaino? i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aiiai neiaioai?aiiy o ae?oae c?
cieaeaiei neooii // Iaoiaee/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??, – E.: ?CII, 1997. – 56 n.

Noaoo?:

1. Ineoieiai iaaeaaia?/iee aniaeo neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe ?c neaai/oth/eie
ae?oueie // I?aeoe/ia ineoieia?y oa nioe?aeueia ?iaioa. – 1999. – ? 6. –
N. 47-48.

2. Oai?aoe/i? iniiae neiaioai?/i? ?iaioe oa ?? nioe?aeueia cia/aiiy o
oi?ioaaii? iniaenoino? neaai/oth/eo o/i?a // Nioe?ae?caoe?y iniaenoino?
/ Ca??ea iaoeiaeo noaoae i?ae ?aae. A.E.Eainueei?. – E.: IIO ?i.
I.I.Ae?aaiiaiiaa, – 1999. – N. 38-43.

3. Ii?oaiia ? neiaioai?/a eiino?othaaiiy i?e aea/aii? ?icae?eo “Neeaae
neiaa” // Aeaoaeoieia?y. – 1999. – ? 3. – N. 26-31.

4. Iniaeeaino? neiaioai?aiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie // Aeaoaeoieia?y,
1997. – ? 4. – N. 53-56.

5. Iniaaiiinoe neiaiia?aciaaiey o neaaineuoaueo aeaoae // Niaoeeaeueiua
ia?aciaaoaeueiua iio?aaiinoe ’ 98 / Iaoa?eaeu eiioa?aioeee. – Oa?oo,
1998. – N. 329-333.

6. Iiooeia? caaaeaiiy i?e aea/aii? neiaioai?aiiy neaai/oth/eie o/iyie ??
a?aeae?eaiiy // Ae?oe c iaiaaeaieie o?ce/ieie oa ?icoiiaeie
iiaeeeainoyie a nenoai? ei?aeoe?eiiai iaa/aiiy ? aeoiaaiiy / Iaoa??aee
i?aeia?iaeii? iaoeiai-i?aeoe/ii? eiioa?aioe?? (27-28 o?aaiy 1997 ?.). –
E., 1997. – N. 61-63.

Oace:

1. Neiaioai?/a ?iaioa a i?aeoeoe? aea/aiiy neiaioai?aiiy a 5-6 eeanao
aeey neaai/oth/eo // Ieaa ciaiue / Iaoeiai-iaoiaee/iee aeueiaiao.
Niaoeaeione. Iaoai?cie oa e?eoa??? ae?aaiinoeee ineoio?ce/iiai ?icaeoeo
ae?oae a nenoai? ei?aeoe?eii? ?iaioe / I?aeia?iaeia i?aeoe/ia
eiioa?aioe?y (25-28 o?aaiy 1999 ?.). – N. 51-52.

2. Eiiae?aoaiei A.I., Oa?aiao I.E. Aeoeaia naiino?eia iiaeaiiy ae?oae,
ye can?a ?icoiiai? ae?yeueiino? // I?iaeaie oa ia?niaeoeae ?icaeoeo
ineoieia?? a Oe?a?i? / Iaoa??aee 2-ai c’?caeo Oiaa?enoaa ineoieia?a
Oe?a?ie. – E., 1996. – N. 55-57.

3. Iaoiaee/ia ?iaioa uiaei i?iaaaeaiiy i?aeoe/ieo caiyoue c eo?no
“Iaoiaeeea oniiai iiaeaiiy” // Oaeineiiaeaiiy i?aeaioiaee eaae??a a
Oe?a?i? / Anaoe?a?inueea iaoeiaa eiioa?aioe?y aeeeaaea/?a-aeaoaeoieia?a.
– E., 1996. – N. 45-47.

Eiiae?aoaiei A.I. Oi?ioaaiiy nenoaie neiaioai?aiiy, ye can?a ?icaeoeo
iiaeaiiy neaai/oth/eo o/i?a. – ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa iaaeaaia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 13.00.03. – niaoe?aeueia iaaeaaia?ea / ?inoeooo
aeaoaeoieia?? AII Oe?a?ie, E., 1999. – 187 n.

O aeena?oaoe?? ia i?aenoaa? ?acoeueoao?a aeine?aeaeaiiy c?iaeaii oae?
aeniiaee. C??c, i?iaaaeaiee o niaoeoeieao Oe?a?ie, cana?ae/ea a?aei?noue
aeoeaiiai neiaieea neaai/oth/eo o/i?a ia ae??ne?aii-i?ao?enaeuei? neiaa.
Aeiaaaeaii i?eioeeiiao iiaeeea?noue aieeao iaoiaee/ii i?aaeeueii
i?aeaioiaeaieo neiaioai?/eo ai?aa ia caaaa/aiiy neiaieea neaai/oth/eo
o/i?a eaene/ieie iaeeieoeyie ?c iio?aeiith iniiaith.

I?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaee/ieo iiceoe?e ie ea?oaaeeny a?aeiieie o a?o/eciyi?e
iaoiaeeoe? aeeeaaeaiiy ??aeii? iiae aeniiaeaie i?i ?aaeuei? iiaeeeaino?
iiaeaii?aiai ?icaeoeo neaai/oth/eo o/i?a o i?ioean? ooai?aiiy
no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/iiai i?aeoiaeo aei aea/aiiy ceeaae neiaa ?
neiaioai?aiiy, ye? aein? ia aoee ?aae?ciaai? a niaoei?aeoeoe? aea/aiiy
??aeii? iiae a oeie? aeey neaai/oth/eo ae?oae.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: i?ao?enaeueii-ae??ne?aia neiaioai?aiiy, neeaae neiaa,
eaene/iee caian neaai/oth/eo, iio?aeia iniiaa, iiaeaii?aa
caeiaaaeoaaiiy.

Eiiae?aoaiei A.A. Oi?ie?iaaiea nenoaiu neiaiia?aciaaiey, eae niinia
?acaeoey ?a/e neaaineuoaueo o/aieeia. – ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea o/aiie noaiaie eaiaeeaeao iaaeaaiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 13.00.03. – niaoeeaeueiay iaaeaaiaeea / Einoeooo
aeaoaeoieiaee AII Oe?aeiu, E., 1999. – 187 n.

Enneaaeiaaiea iinayuaii aeooaeueiie i?iaeaia ?ac?aaioee ?aoeeiiaeueiie
iaoiaeeee iaiaauaiey neiaa?y neaaineuoaueo o/aieeia ia
neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiie iniiaa i?e iiiiue nenoaiu ieaiiia?iuo,
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiuo, neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuo oi?aaeiaiee.

I?e ?ac?aaioea iaoiaee/aneeo iiceoeee iu ?oeiaiaenoaiaaeenue
iieiaeaieyie iauae e niaoeeaeueiie ioa/anoaaiiie iaoiaeeee i?aiiaeaaaiey
?iaeiiai ycuea i cia/eoaeueiuo aiciiaeiinoyo ?a/aaiai ?acaeoey o/aieeia
a i?ioeanna ia?aciaaiey no?oeoo?ii-naiaioe/aneiai iiaeoiaea e eco/aieth
ninoaaa neiaa e neiaiia?aciaaiey, eioi?ua aei neo ii? ia auee
?aaeeciaaiu a niaoeeaeueiie i?aeoeea eco/aiey ?iaeiiai ycuea a oeiea
aeey neaaineuoaueo aeaoae.

Iauaeoii iaoaai enneaaeiaaiey yaeyaony i?ioeann iao/aiey neaaineuoaueo
o/aieeia, iai?aaeaiiue ia onaiaiea iniia i?aoeenaeueii-aeaaieueiiai
neiaiia?aciaaiey. I?aaeiaoii – nenoaia i?aaiecaoeeiiii-iaoiaee/iuo
aeeyiee niaoeeaeueiiai iao/aiey ia i?ioeann iaiaauaiey ?a/e
neaaineuoaueo o/aieeia iooai iniciaiiiai onaiaiey
i?aoeenaeueii-aeaaieueiiai neiaiia?aciaaiey.

Aeiioaca enneaaeiaaiey ninoieo a oii, /oi yooaeoeaiinoue aeeyiey
neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiie ?aaiou ia oi?ie?iaaiea eaene/aneiai caiana
neaaineuoaueo o/aieeia cia/eoaeueii iiauneony i?e oneiaee eniieueciaaiey
niaoeeaeueiie iaoiaeeee eiiieaeniiai onaiaiey i?iecaiaeiuo neia, n
iiiiuueth iaoiaee/anee i?aaeeueii iiaeaioiaeaiiuo neiaiia?aciaaoaeueiuo
oi?aaeiaiee.

A oai?aoe/aneie /anoe enneaaeiaaiey i?eaiaeeony iaci? eeiaaenoe/aneie,
ineoieiae/aneie e iaoiaee/aneie eeoa?aoo?u ii aii?inai neiaiia?aciaaiey,
eceiaeaiu i?eioeeiu ioai?a aeeaeaeoe/aneiai iaoa?eaea ii
neiaiia?aciaaieth aeaaieia aeey eo eco/aiey a oeieao neaaineuoaueo.

Ai ?? aeaaa iienai eiinoaoe?othuee yenia?eiaio e i?iaiaeece?iaaiu aai
?acoeueoaou.

A ??? aeaaa iienaiu iaoiaeu e i?eaiu nenoaiiiai iao/aiey oeieueieeia
neiaiia?aciaaieth aeaaieia, i?aaenoaaeaiu iao/athuee yenia?eiaio e aai
?acoeueoaou.

A caeeth/aiee eceaaathony eoiae i?iaaaeaiiie ?aaiou e iaia/athony
i?iaeaiu, eioi?ua iiaoo noaoue i?aaeiaoii aeaeueiaeoeo enneaaeiaaiee.

A i?eeiaeaiee i?aaenoaaeaiu: caaeaiey ii eiinoaoe?othuaio yenia?eiaioo,
neiaa?ue-ieieioi, noaiu-aeai?eoiu ii eco/aieth ninoaaa neiaa, ea?oi/ee n
oi?aaeiaieyie ii neiaiia?aciaaieth e iaoiaeeea eiiiuethoa?iuo ea?,
?ac?aaioaiiuo iaie e eniieuecoaiuo i?e iao/athuai yenia?eiaioa.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: i?aoeenaeueii-aeaaieueiia neiaiia?aciaaiea, ninoaa
neiaa, eaene/aneee caian neaaineuoaueo, i?iecaiaeiay iniiaa, ?a/aaay
aeiaaaeea.

Kondratenko V.A. Word-making system formation as a way for students with
weak hear abilities leden development. – Manuscript.

Dissertation for the pedagogical science degree with specialization
13.00.03 – special pedagogic (Institute for defectology, Ukrainian
Academy for pedagogical sciences, K., 1999. – 187 ?.

Analysis is devoted to the topical problem of rational methods
development for the students with weak hear abilities lexicon enrichment
on word-making basis with the help of planned, purposeful, methodically
well prepared word-making exercises.

For the development of methodological positions we used conclusions of
blighty domestic language teaching methodics about real possibilities of
students leden development during formation of structure-semantic
lead-up for word compound and word-formation chapters which were not
realized in special practice during domestic language studying in school
for students with weak hear abilities.

Object for our analysis is activity of students with weak hear abilities
directed to internalization semantic peculiarities of derivative word
structure, and subject – process of students with weak hear abilities
leden enrichment with the help of word-making work in the system of
prefix-verb word-making elements.

Hypothesis of analysis is that effectiveness of word-making work
influences on students with weak hear abilities lexicon will be much
higher if special methodic of complex internalization of derivative word
with the help of methodically well prepared word-making exercises.

In theory part of our analysis review of linguistic, psychological and
methodical literature on word-making matters, principles for didactic
material verb word-making choice for studying in schools for students
with weak hear abilities.

In Chapter II state experiment is described and it results are analyzed.

In Chapter III methods and ways of system verb word making teaching are
described, teaching experiment and it result given.

In afterword bottom line of work done is shown and problems, which could
be the subject for further analysis, are marked.

In appendix: methodic of computer games, developed by us and used during
study experiment.

Key words: prefix-verb word making, word compound, students with weak
hear abilities lexicon, derivative word, leden guessing.

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