.

Творчість Івана Франка початку ХХ ст. (особливості етико-антропологічного та історіософського синтезу): Автореф. дис… канд. філол. наук / М.Ф. Гуняк

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3

Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i.?aaia O?aiea

AOIssE IEOAEEI OAAeI?IAE*

OAeE 833 “19”

Oai?/?noue ?aaia O?aiea ii/aoeo OO no.

(iniaeeaino? aoeei-aio?iiieia?/iiai oa

?noi??inionueeiai neioaco)

10.01.01 — oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a

Aaoi?aoa?ao

aeena?oaoe?? ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy

eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo iaoe

Euea?a — 1999

Aeena?oaoe??th ? ?oeiien

?iaioa aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e ?i.aeaaeai?ea
I.Aiciyea Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.?.O?aiea

Iaoeiaee ea??aiee : aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, i?ioani? Naeeaa Oa?an
TH??eiae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e ?i.aeaaeai?ea I.Aiciyea

Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.?.O?aiea

Io?oe?ei? iiiiaioe: aeieoi? o?eieia?/ieo Eooea Ieueaa Iaae?aia,

aeioeaio eaoaae?e oai??? e?oa?aoo?e ? ii??aiyeueiiai

e?oa?aoo?iiciaanoaa Oa?iii?euenueeiai aea?aeaaiiai

iaaeaaia?/iiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.A.Aiyothea

eaiaeeaeao o?eieia?/ieo iaoe, aeioeaio Oi?ia Noaiai ?aaiiae/,

caa?aeoaa/ eaoaaee oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e

I?eea?iaonueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.A.Noaoaieea

Caoeno a?aeaoaeaoueny 17 aa?aciy 1999 ?. i 10 aiaeei? ia can?aeaii?
niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee E 35.051.06 c o?eieia?/ieo iaoe i?e
Euea?anueeiio oi?aa?neoao? ?i.?.O?aiea ca aae?anith: 290001, i.Euea?a,
aoe. Oi?aa?neoaonueea,1.

C aeena?oaoe??th iiaeia iciaeiieoenue o iaoeia?e a?ae?ioaoe?
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i.?.O?aiea (i.Euea?a, aoe.
Ae?aaiiaiiaa, 5)

Aaoi?aoa?ao ?ic?neaii “15” ethoiai 1999 ?.

A/aiee nae?aoa?

niaoe?ae?ciaaii? a/aii? ?aaee C.I.Oa?eae

Caaaeueia oa?aeoa?enoeea ?iaioe

Aeooaeuei?noue oaie aeine?aeaeaiiy. Aeo?eiaaoe ?nieo /ano, ooaeiaei?
oai?e iaaoaathoue caeaoiino? aei ?a?iea?iaoe?? a ia?aiao?ao ona iiai? e
iiai? ?o ?aoeaioe?? c aieo /eoa/a e aeine?aeieea. Iaienai? ia ia?ao?ano?
noi??/, ia ia?anoathoue ian oaeethaaoe e O?aieia? oaaeaa?e iei? — ia
ia?ao?ano? oeny/ie?oue, oei a?eueoa, ui ao?eaiee o ieo aeoo /ano
ia?aaoeo?oueny c aeooii iaoiai nueiaiaeaiiy, eiee aoaeo?oueny iacaeaaeia
Oe?a?ia — oie ?aeaae ?aaia O?aiea, yeee aoa aeey iueiai “iica iaaeaie
iiaeeeaiai”, oi/a ?nioaaa ia ??ai? ia?aaeaa/aiiy e a??e. Aaea no/anieee
ieneeee aaoi?a “Iienay” ye “Aeooa — Oai?oey iiai/anii? Oe?a?ie”
(ss.ss?aia). Iinoa? iaiao?aei?noue onaa?/iiai aeine?aeaeaiiy aeooiaii?
iaiiaiaiino? oai??a oeueiai oi?aa?naeueiiai ienueiaiieea ia oe? aiioe
e?ioey O?O — ii/aoeo XX no. — ia??iaeo “?ioaineaiiai iaeiie/aiiy ?
ia?aoeiaiiy aaaaoueio anoaoe/ieo iiaeaeae ? nenoai” AEoeeinueeee I.
O?aaeeoe?y ? i?iaeaie ?aeaeii-anoaoe/ieo iiooe?a a oe?a?inuee?e
e?oa?aoo?? O?O — ii/aoeo OO no. // Caienee Iaoeiaiai oiaa?enoaa ?i.
O.Oaa/aiea. — Euea?a, 1992. — O. 224. — N. 141., ua iaeaaeii ia
inieneaiiai. Ia c’yniaaii, cie?aia, ?ie? a e?oa?aoo?iiio i?ioean? aianeo
o??? /anoeie niaaeueie ?aaia O?aiea, yea na?ae/eoue i?i iueiai ye
ienueiaiieea OO a?eo ia eeoa ca o?iiieia??th iaienaiiy oai??a, a e ca
oa?aeoa?ii ?o i?iaeaiaoeee oa iiaoeee. sseui aaiethoe?y O.Oaa/aiea
aeieeaaeii i?inoaaeaia ca ?? aoaiaie, oi oaeee i?aeo?ae aei O?aiea uieii
iae?aneeany ?acoeueoaoeaieie nooae?yie ?aiiueiai ?? ia??iaeo (i?aoe?
N.Uo?aoa) e inoaiiueiai — “i?enia?eiaiai” (eaiaeeaeaonueea aeena?oaoe?y
e ioae?eaoe?? ss.Iaeueiee). I?ioa ss.Iaeueiee aena?oeth? o o?aie?anuee?e
a?ia?ao?? ?iee 1908 — 1916, a ie cina?aaeo?ii oaaao ia aa?oiaeii?e oac?
iiaoa ? i?ica?ea — ia 1900-o ?ieao.

Aeooae?co?oueny iei? e ieoaiiy iiaeaeueoi? ?ic?iaee oiai i?aeoiaeo aei
?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oai?o, yeee e?enoae?co?oueny o iaoiaeieiaai?
“aio?iiieia?y oaenoo”. Nooi?noue iiiyooy “aio?iiieia?y oaenoo” (oa?i?i
iieuenueeiai a/aiiai A.Iaiana) iaiaaa?oueny aeeeanoe I.Aieueaa?a o
noaoo? “Aio?iiieia?y ooaeiaeiueiai oai?o” (1997), neioacoth/e iiaeyaee
ia oeth i?iaeaio ia?aaaaeii ca?oa?aeieo aeine?aeiee?a. Oae, oaeno
ia?aoai?th?oueny o oa?? oeyoii oeeth/aiiy eiai aei ?noi?eei-eoeueoo?iiai
i?ioeano ca aeiiiiiaith cono??/ae aaoi?a c /eoa/aie. ?ica’yco?oueny
oaeei /eiii aioeiii?y a?aii — aia?aaey — aeai?noue ? i?ioean. Oaeno
cae?eoi? nenoaie ia?aoai?th?oueny ia oa?? nenoaie a?aee?eoi?. Oa??
iaaoaa? aeanoeaino? aaia?oaaoe iiiaeeii? nienee, caeeaaeai? a iueiio ye
ae?aeia?/i? iioaioe?? (i???ioaoe?y ia /eoa/?a — i?aaenoaaiee?a ??cieo
aaia?aoe?e). Aio?iiieia?/iee i?aeo?ae ? icia/a? iineeaio oaaao
aeine?aeieea aei aeooiaiiai ia/aea o oai?? ye aaaeeeai? eiinoaioe eiai
ooaeiaeiuei? no?oeoo?e. Aeooiai?noue, ia aeoieo I.Aieueaa?aa,
i?iyaey?oueny o /ioe?ueio noa?ao aeyao ethaenueeiai aeooo: o o?einio??,
iaooe?, ?ae?a?? oa ienoaoeoa?. Ie ae aeiaeaii aei oeueiai noa?o
ii?aeueii-aoe/io, cie?aia, eoeueoo?o e aoeeo ?ioeiieo noinoie?a, a
oaeiae nooi?iue iaoe?iiaeueii? na?aeiiino? ?iaeea?aeoia e ia?iaeo.
Iaiaaa?iinue oaae ocaaaeueieoe O?aieia? oai?aoe/i? ?aeiiaiaeaoe??
niiniao ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? oaenoo — oai?o, aeie?aiethth/e ?o ia i?aenoaa?
aiae?co oiai e?oa?aoo?iciaa/i-o?einio?/iiai ae?aeiao, yeee aaaea ia
c?acie Ieaoiia a/eoaeue c? nai?i o/iai a iiia?aeaii? “Ai?en A?aa”.
?iaio?ii oeth iaoeo ?icaeyaeo neiaanii? ooaeiaeiuei? oeaieie ye iaaii?
oe?eino? ca O?aieii: oea — “noa?aiiao?e/ia i?i/eoaiiy oai?o”. O
aeeiai?/iiio i?ioean? i?ciaiiy oai?o, eaeo/e a?ae ieai?iao?e/iiai
aa/aiiy aei noa?aiiao?e/iiai inieneaiiy eiai aaaaoiieanoiai? no?oeoo?e,
ia aeno?aeieo ??aiyo ia?aaeaa/a?oueny aecia/aiiy ?ie? aioo??oiuei?
“iaoai?ee” e “o?i??” a ooaeiaei?e i?aai?caoe?? oaenoo, a aaea a?aeoae
aio?iiieia?/ia iio?aeooaaiiy iaiiaiaiino? eiai ye aeoai?o “ethaenueeiai
aeooo”, on??? “aaeeei? iaoe??”. O oeueiio nain ?noi??inionueeiai
inieneaiiy oai?o.

I.Caaoaeei o eiec? “O?einio?y iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aea? oa ?a?iiaenueeee
eiioaeno: O?aie?anueeee ia??iae” (1998) i?aee?aneth?, ui iaoe?ioai?/a
ooieoe?y ?ioae?aaioe?? oe?eaaeea ?.O?aiea a aoeei-aio?iiieia?/iiio
aniaeo?, a iaoe?iiaeueia na?aeii?noue aioo??oiuei nii??aeiaia c
?ae?a?eiith. O i?aoeyo I.?eaae ? I.Na?aainueei? iieacaii oe?ioo
iiaeyae?a ?aaia O?aiaea ia aeooiai?noue ye ia eaoaai??th, iaiiaiaio
aaaaoei ci?noii. Ni?iao aena?oeaiiy o?aie?anueeiai iiiyooy “oe?eiai
/ieia?ea” c?iaea A.Oeoieic. Ona oea — eeoa i?aenooie aei aaaeeeai? e
iac??ei? i?iaeaie, ni?iiiaeii? iioe?eoe ia??? o?aieiciaanoaa.

Ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaeie i?ia?aiaie, ieaiaie, oaiaie. Aeena?oaoe?y
aeeiiaia ia eaoaae?? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e ?i. aeaae. I.Aiciyea
Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?.O?aiea, aea o?aaeeoe?eii
o?aieiciaanoai iaeaaeeoue aei iniiaieo iai?yie?a iaoeiaeo
aeine?aeaeaiue.

Iaoa aeena?oaoe?eii? ?iaioe — aena?oeaiiy iniaeeainoae
aoeei-aio?iiieia?/iiai oa ?noi??inionueeiai neioaco ooaeiaeiuei?
oai?/ino? ?.O?aiea 1900-o ?ie?a, aeey ?aae?caoe?? /iai aeieeathoue oae?
caaaeaiiy:

— yeiiiaa aeieeaaei?oa i?iaiae?coaaoe oeaio?aeuei? oai?e ienueiaiieea
oeueiai ia??iaeo c iiaeyaeo ?o i?iaeaiaoeee ? iiaoeee;

— ?icaeyiooe oai?/ee aei?iaie ienueiaiieea oeueiai aoaio ye neioac
aoeei-aio?iiieia?/ieo oa ?noi??inionueeeo i?iaeai ? ye
i?aenoieiai-neioaoe/io i?iaeaio, a c ae?oaiai aieo — iiaaoi?nueeo ca
ooaeiaeiueith oi?iith, ui oyae?? aei iiaoeee XX no.;

— o i?ioean? aiae?co ooaeiaeiuei? oeaieie oai?o i?inoaaeeoe
?ioaa?aoe?th ?aae?noe/ii? oa iiaea?i?noe/ii? iiaoeee o i?e.

Iaoeiaa iiaecia aeena?oaoe?eiiai aeine?aeaeaiiy coiiaeaia iaiaaaiiyi ??
aaoi?a caiiaieoe iaai? i?iaaeeie o o?aieiciaanoa? e i?i/eoaoe ?.O?aiea o
aeon? no/anieo aeiia e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa. E?eoe/iee ia?aaeyae e?oa?aoo?e,
aeioe/ii? o??th /e ?ioith i??ith aei aiae?ciaaieo o aeena?oaoe?? oai??a
?.O?aiea, na?ae/eoue i?i ia??aiii??io oaaao aeine?aeiee?a aei eiai
iiac?? oa i?ice. sseui i?i ia?oo eaoaai??th oai?/ino? ua ca aeeooy
ienueiaiieea iiyaeeeny niaoe?aeuei? ?ica?aeee ie?aieie aeaeaiiyie (i?i
iiaio “Iienae” — a?ioo?a ss.ss?aie, i?i aanue iiaoe/iee aei?iaie —
iiiia?ao?y A.E?ooaeueieoeueeiai), a 20-o? ?iee aeaee aeeneo/o noaooth
I.3a?iaa “O?aiei-iiao” oa aaeoieea? aeine?aeaeaiiy A.Ioce/ee e
I.Oeeeiiae/a, oi oae? i?icia? oaaeaa?e oeueiai ae aaoi?a, ye “Ia?ao?ani?
noaaeee”, “Nie/eia e?eei” aeoaea aeiaai /aeaee iaeaaeiiai iioe?ioaaiiy e
i?e?iaiae?co. I?e anueiio iiceoeaiiio noaaeaii? N.?o?aiiaa aei
caaaeaiiai ?iiaio o iiiia?ao?yo i?i ?.O?aiea ?icaeyae oeueiai ei?iiiiai
eiai i?iciaiai oai?o iaeyaeiaee, aaoi?e i?neyai?iieo noaoae oa
iiiia?ao?e /e oi i?i anth oai?/?noue ?.O?aiea, /e niaoe?aeueieo i?i eiai
i?ico‚ I.A?eaoeueeee, I.Aiciye, TH.Eiaeeaoeueeeee, ?.Ee?eethe,
I.Eieaniee, ?.Aann, I.AEoe ia iaaeathoue iaeaaeii? oaaae “Ia?ao?aniei
noaaeeai”, caeaa?eueoiai e?eoeeothoue eiai aieiaiiai aa?iy ?aaaia
?aoaeiae/a ca oa, ui a?i ia ?aaiethoe?iia?, ??ii?/ii noaaeyoueny (a ua
/ano?oa caiia/othoue) aei eiai iaoe?iiaeueii? i?n?? (e??i I.Aiciyea).
I?e ?icaeyae? iiac?? i?aaaethaaa nioe?ieia?/iee i?aeo?ae.

Iiaee ia??iae o o?aieiciaanoa? caii/aoeiaothoue niaoe?aeuei? noaoo? i?i
“Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee” A.Aa?aana, ?.A?ii’yea, I.?eueieoeueeiai, i?i
“Iienay” — nooae?? A.Neioey, i?i ie?ai? oai?e O?aieiai? iaei? i?ice —
?.Aeaienthea, E.Aiiaea?, I.Eooei?, i?i aeai? i?eo/? — TH.Eeei’thea, i?i
ie?aio ca??eo iiac?e /e oeeee ?? — E.Naieea, A.Ei?i?e/oea, c?aooith,
/eneaii? ioae?eaoe?? ?ioeo aaoi??a a “Oe?a?inueeiio e?oa?aoo?iciaanoa?”,
yea ooaa?aeaeo? a e?oa?aoo?iciaanoa? euea?anueeo oeieo
i?e?i-iiii?ioa?i?aoaoe??.

Inoaii?i /anii iiyaeeeny niaoe?aeuei? iiiia?ao?? i?i aaeeeo i?ico
ienueiaiieea — I.Oea/oea “AEai?iaa no?oeoo?a ?iiai?a ?aaia O?aiea”
(1996), O.Ianoooa “?iiaie ?aaia O?aiea” (1998), o yeeo, ye ? a eiec?
O.Aoiaei?iai? “O?aiei-ia Eaiaiy?” (1996) oa a ?ai?oeo i?aoeyo E.Aieiia,
E.Aa?anueei? ciaoiaeeii oe?eaa? niinoa?aaeaiiy iaae ci?noii ?
ienoaoeoaii O?aieiaeo oai??a.

Iaeiae ia aoea ?aae?ciaaia iac??ea iio?aaa anaa?/iiai iiiia?ao?/iiai
ii?aoethaaiiy ?iiaio “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”, ui ye oeaio?aeueiee oa??
O?aieiai? aaeeei? i?ice aea/a?oueny oaia? o na?aaei?e oeie?. Iiaecia
aeaii? aeena?oaoe?? iieyaa? a oiio, ui aiia aaco?oueny ia ia?o?e
iiiia?ao?? i?i “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”, a oaeiae a iniaeeainoyo
aeuaaeeeaaeaii? eiioeaioe?? aeine?aeaeaiiy, iniiaith yeiai ?
iaoiaeieia?/iee aniaeo “aio?iiieia?y oaenoo”, o nai???aeiino?
i?e?iaiae?co.

Iniiaieie aeaea?aeaie aeine?aeaiiy ? ooaeiaei? O?aieia? oaenoe oai??a,
iioae?eiaai? o 50-oeaeanyoeoiiiiio aeaeaii? oa o caiia/ai?e i?eaeeoo?a?e
ca??oe? ienueiaiieea “A??o? ia a?iiaaenuee? oaie” (1913).

Iaoiaee aeine?aeaeaiiy — oea i?eeiie noa?aiiao?e/iiai i?i/eoaiiy oai?o,
nenoaiii-oe?e?niee i?aeo?ae aei eiai aiae?co c aeaiaioaie iaoiaeo
ii??aiyeueiiai, iaoiaeeee ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? iaeiiai oai?o (iiiiaiae?c) o
neioac? c iaoiaeii “aio?iiieia?y oaenoo”.

I?aeoe/ia cia/aiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a. Iiiia?ao?y aaoi?a
aeena?oaoe?? i?i “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee” ?ic?aoiaaia ia
a/eoae?a-neiaaniee?a na?aaei?o oe?e oa e?oea?a, iaeiae nai?i ci?noii
aiia aeoiaeeoue ca iaae? i?ia?ai c e?oa?aoo?e oeeo iaa/aeueieo caeeaae?a
? ?? iiaeia aeei?enoiaoaaoe i?e aea/aii? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e a
oi?aa?neoaoao oa iaaeaaia?/ieo ?inoeoooao. Iaoa??ae aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy iiaeiai ciaeoe canoinoaaiiy i?e iiaoaiiiio aea/aii?
oaai?/i? aaiethoe?? ?aaia O?aiea, i?e iaienaii? iiaeo eo?n?a ?noi???
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e e o iiaeaeueo?e ?ic?iaoe? iaoiaeieia?/iiai
aniaeoo “aio?iiieia?y oaenoo”.

Ai?iaaoe?y aeena?oaoe?? i?ioiaeeea oeyoii ?? iaaiai?aiiy ia eaoaae??
oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e ?i. aeaae. I.Aiciyea Euea?anueeiai aea?aeaaiiai
oi?aa?neoaoo ?i. ?.O?aiea (i?e caeo/aii? i?aoe?aiee?a ?inoeoooo
o?aieiciaanoaa); aeaieioaiiyi ?? iieiaeaiue ia o?ueio i?aeia?iaeieo
eiioa?aioe?yo c oaeith i?iaeaiaoeeith: “I?iaoeueea iiaa a no/aniiio
na?o?” (Ae?iaiae/, 7 — 9 o?aaiy 1998 ?.; aeiiia?aeue “Iiia?aeaiiy ?aaia
O?aiea “Thomas mit dem Herzen und Thomas ohne Herz”); “Iia? oaoiieia??
iaa/aiiy: i?iaeaie, iiooee, ciao?aeee” (Euea?a, 17 — 8 /a?aiy 1998 ?.;
aeiiia?aeue “?ieue e?oa?aoo?iiai e?a?ciaanoaa o noaiiaeaii? aeooiaiino?
o/i?a”); “Oe?a?inueea o?eieia?y: oeiee, iinoao?, i?iaeaie (aei 150-??//y
canioaaiiy eaoaae?e oe?a?inueei? neiaaniino?” (Euea?a, 21 — 23 aeiaoiy
1998?.; aeiiia?aeue “Ooaeiaei?e na?o iia?no?-iiaaee ?.O?aiea “sse TH?a
Oeeiaithe a??a *a?aiio”), a oaeiae ?aoeaic?yie o?aieiciaaoe?a, ye?
?aeiiaiaeoaaee iiiia?ao?th “?iiai ?aaia O?aiea “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee” aei
ae?oeo, ? iiceoeaiei a?aeaoeii ia ia? o i?an? (A.Noaoaeueia. Aaeaea
ia?ao?anoy. — Aeca?i. — 1998. — ? 8 — 9. — N. 150 — 152).

Ioae?eaoe?? ca oaiith aeena?oaoe??: 1 iiiia?ao?y, 1 iin?aiee, 2 noaoo?
(aeea. Nienie ioae?eaoe?e). I?aoey “E?oa?aoo?ia e?a?ciaanoai ye can?a
aeoea?caoe?? iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano: Iaoa??aee aei aea/aiiy oaie
“?aai O?aiei a oeie?” (Ae?iaiae/, 1998) iaienaia o ni?aaaoi?noa? c
C.Aoca?ai. Aaoi?ia? aeena?oaoe?? o i?e iaeaaeeoue ?icae?e “Iaao?ae/?,
Ae?iaiae/ ? Ai?eneaa o oai?ao Aaeeeiai Eaiaiy?a” (N. 14 — 24). On? ?io?
ioae?eaoe?? oa oaeno aeena?oaoe?? — iniaenoee aianie ?? aaoi?a.

Ianya oa no?oeoo?a aeena?oaoe??. ?iaioa ia? 153 noi??iee eiii’thoa?iiai
iaai?o (aac a?ae?ia?ao??), c? nieneii aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae 173
noi??iee. Aiia neeaaea?oueny c? “Anooio”, o?ueio ?icae?e?a, “Aeniiae?a”
oa “Nieneo aeei?enoaieo aeaea?ae”.

Iniiaiee ci?no Aeena?oaoe??

O “Anooi?” ia??oioiao?oueny aeooaeuei?noue aeena?oaoe?eii? oaie,
?ice?eaa?oueny ci?no iaoiaeieiaaie “aio?iiieia?y oaenoo”. Aecia/athoueny
ca’ycie ?iaioe c iaoeiaei iai?yieii eaoaae?e, iaoa e iinoaaeai?
caaaeaiiy, iaoeiaa iiaecia, aeaea?aea e iaoiaeieia?y, ia?aaeaa/athoueny
iiaeeeaino? i?aeoe/iiai canoinoaaiiy iaea?aeaieo ?acoeueoao?a,
a?aecia/athoueny oeyoe ?o ai?iaaoe??, iaceaathoueny ioae?eaoe?? c
i?iaeaiaoeee aeena?oaoe?? e aea?oueny iien ?? ia’?io oa no?oeoo?e.

Ia?oee ?icae?e aeena?oaoe?? — “Aaeeea i?ica ?aaia O?aiea ia iiaeo
oeyoao”

1.1 Iia? ethaee i?e ?iaio?: ?iiai “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”. O oeueiio
i?ae?icae?e? iacaaiee ?iiai o?aeoo?oueny ye oeaio?aeueiee oa?? aaeeei?
i?ice aaoi?a e aiioaeueiee a ?noi??? oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e, yeee /e ia
iaeiiai?oa ae?acea oi?aa?nae?ci ?.O?aiea o iie?oii?ci? ci?noo (iie?oeea
e aoeea, aioo??oi? aoooy ethaeeie) e neiiie?eiaaiino? no?oeoo?e,
coiiaeaii? ??cieie ooaeiaei?ie iai?yiaie — ?iiaioeciii, iaoo?ae?ciii,
?aae?ciii, iiaea?i?ciii. Aeoii/ai?noue ineoieia?/iiai aiae?co ooo
i?iaeoo?oueny ia iiaeeaeaiiy aio?iiieia?/ii? noa?e ?iiaio,
?noi??inionuee?e neioaoecaoe?? neoao? oaae nai???aeiee neiaie?ci oeueiai
ooaeiaeiueiai ieaoeaa (aeiey ??aeii? iaoe??, i?iaeaia iaoe?iiaeueii?
i?n?? ?ioae?aaioe??, ieoaiiy oe?a?inueei-aa?aenueei? ni?ai?aoe? oiui).
?ic??ciy?ii oeaio?aeueiiai aa?iy oai?o (?aaai ?aoaeiae/) ? aieiaiiai
(ca??iee ia?ac ia?iaeii? iane c? nai?th ia/eneaiiith ?ioae?aaioe??th),
ye? aenooiathoue o oai?? a i?aai?/i?e ?aeiino?. Aaoi? aeena?oaoe??
iieai?co? c I.A?eaoeueeei, yeee aoa noeeueiee ia ca?aoiaoaaoe ?aoaeiae/a
aei iiceoeaieo aa?i?a (anoia?a/ N.?o?aiiao) ye oaeiai, ui ae?? a
eaaaeueieo iaaeao ? i?aeoi naiioiuei e aac?acoeueoaoeaii, oi/a a
aiae?ciaaiiio oaeno? oeae ?ioae?aaio-aaeaieao — oaa?acee iiceoea?no c
ae?aaiiai?anueeith caeaaneith, c iaiioeoiith a??ith o iioaioe?ei?
iiaeeeaino? ??aeii? iaoe?? — iinooiiai ciaoiaeeoue i?aeo?eieo o
i?ic??aath/iai naeyinoaa oa iaaiiai oeio nayuaiee?a ? iaa?oue
a?cianiai?a c ?a?aenueeiai na?aaeiaeua, a i?ia?aia eiai a?iiaaenueei?
ae?yeueiino? ia?a?inoa? aocuee? iaae? “oai??? iaeeo ae?e” aaiethoe??th
a?ae i???ioaoe?? ia aeiiii?/io ai?ioueao aei i?ieeaioaaiiy iie?oe/ii?.
Naia ca aeaeea?aoe?th e ii/ei iie?oe/ii? ai?ioueae o “Ia?ao?anieo
noaaeeao” oeae ?iiai caai?iieea oea?nueea oeaico?a aei aeaeaiiy ia
oa?aiao ?in?enueei? ?iia???. ?aaai ?aoaeiae/ noae?io? a nia? ia?eiao??
iauaneeaiai eioaiiy aaoi?a oa eiai aeina?ae ae?yeueiino? o ?aaeeeaeuei?e
ia?o??, a a?aeoae ? iaoe?iiaeueii-aeaiie?aoe/i?e, aei yei? a?i anooiea
?acii c I.A?ooaanueeei. Ciaiaiii, ui eieaeeiaa aeaeaiiy “Ia?ao?anieo
noaaeie” ?.O?aiei i?enay/o? I.A?ooaanueeiio oa eiai ae?oaeei?.
I.Ii/oeuenueeee oa I.Aiciye oaa/athoue oaae i?ioioioeiii aaeaieaoa
?aoaeiae/a (ye a?iiaaenueeiai ae?y/a) aaeaieaoa ?aaaia Ieanieoeueeiai.

Aiae?oe/ii i?i/eoo? aeena?oaio ?iiai “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee” “ca aaoi?ii” —
o iine?aeiaiino? eiai ?icae?e?a ?iiaio. Oaea “eiiaioiaaia /eoaiiy”
eiaeiiai ?icae?eo aea? ciiao aeyaeoe nai???aeio ?eoi?eo ?icae?e?a e
ai?ciae?a ? noeeueiaeo oa iano?i?aeo iiaeoeyoe?e oaenoo. ?icae?ee c
noooaaoeie iienaie a?iiaaenueei? ae?yeueiino? aaeaieaoa-caoenieea naeyi
— /a?aothoueny c oaeeie, ui a e??e/i?e oiiaeueiino? /a?ac iiaeon niiieio
a?aeoai?ththoue innere Geschichte (aene?a ?.O?aiea a eeno? aei
I.?ioeaae/) aeoo? aa?iy — aeanyoee?oith ?noi??th eiai eioaiiy aei
oaoaeueii? “/i?ii? aeaie”. Nai???aeia ?eoi?ea oaae oi iiyae, oi cieeaiiy
oe??? oa?iie/i? ?noioe ? aianaiiy o “ae?eia?” ianeae oaenoo ?aoeaeoeaieo
“iiaae oaei”, aoaeoo ianiiae?aaiee, canoinoaaiiy ?ao?iniaeoe?? o iioioe?
ia?aoe??. Aeey iiaoeee nthaeaoo e eiiiiceoe?? oeueiai O?aieiaiai ?iiaio
c eiai “ia?ao?anoyi” e?i?e-noaaeie oa?aeoa?ia e aeei?enoaiiy
aioeoeeiaoe?eieo iiiaio?a (i?ia?uoaaeueieo), ye? nai?ie caeaa?eueoiai
ceia?ueie aeaoaeyie i?aeoi cai?ia?aiiaothoue iaeaooi? oa?ie ? eaoano?ioe
ia aeeoo?aiio oeyoo aa?iy. Aei oaeeo aioeoeeiaoe?eieo aeaoaeae-neiaie?a
a aeniiceoe?eieo ?icae?eao iaeaaeeoue ia?ac aaeoi? a aeooo eieth/ee
oa?ia (?aaeoe?y thiiai ?aaaia ia naaeenoe/ia eaooaaiiy eioa
Noaeuenueeei), a a?aeoae ia?aa?aaiiy /anii? aei?iae ?aoaeiae/a-aaeaieaoa
oith ae ii?aeueiith iioai?ith, a a eoeuei?iaoe?ei?e oi/oe? — nio
oeaio?aeueiiai aa?iy. Nii “eiinoaoo?” nia?oue eioaiiy e i?i?ieo? o?ce/io
caaeaaeue ?aa?ie.

O aeena?oaoe?? aeieeaaeii i?iaiae?ciaaii i?eeii iiaoeee niiaeae?iiy o
cia?aaeaii? ?aoaeiae/aaiai nio i?ney ii??yii?, aea oieoth/i? cono??/?
aa?iy c eiai aeaiith na?oey i?ney aeanyoe??/ii? ?iceoee c iath. Iaoeiaa
ia??oiooaaiiy ineoieia?/ieo ia?aaeoiia nio aeaa ?.O?aiei o i?aoe? “?c
nae?aeo?a iiaoe/ii? oai?/ino?”. Oaaaa aei i?aena?aeiiino? a ia?ac? nio ?
a “iioioe? i?aena?aeiiino?” ?aa?ie i?ae /an oaeanoaa Noaeuenueeiai
na?ae/eoue i?i oa, ui ?.O?aiei i?yioaaa aei o?aeaeenonueeiai
ineoiaiae?co, yeee ciaeoia oe?iea canoinoaaiiy o iiaea?i?ci?.

Ia?ac ?aaaia ?aoaeiae/a o nai?e nooiino? iiaaoi?nueeee. sse ?ioae?aaio
aenieiai i?ioan?eiiai ?aiao “i?e ?iaio?” oa ye ?i?oe?aoeaia, ae?yeueia
iniaeno?noue o ooaeiaeiueiio ieai? aea?a? nai?th iaiaeiiaei??i?noth,
ia?niiaae noai?th? ?ethc?th aeeai? ethaeeie c ?? noia?a/iinoyie, c
aia?aaeaioieie i?eno?anoyie, c “aeaooaie /oooy”, iano?iyie caoiieaiino?
? ?ic/a?oaaiiy. Iaeiae “iaaee?/eiee iioei?no” ciaoiaeeoue neeo aie?
iiaeieaoe na?e eiiieaen ?icaeai?iino? i?ae noni?eueiei iaia’yceii e
?ioeiiei aeeooyi oa iaea?aeaoe ia?aiiao “?icoio iaae ia?aaie”. ?.O?aiei
iaia/a noai?th? iiaeaeue iaoe?iiaeueiiai i?iaiaee?y — ia “o?acaniae/a”,
a ioaea /eio, oiai, ooi ia ?icaei??aeaeyo ciaeoia i?yiee ? oaa?aeee,
oiaaiaiee oeyo “aoae?iiy ethaenueeiai aeooa”. Oae iinoaaeaii iniiaiee
aeoeaio ia aio?iiieia?/ii-aeooiaieo oe?iiinoyo.

1.2. Ieioea c iiaeyaeo no/aniino?: iia?noue “Aaeeeee ooi”. Oa??, ui
caaa?oo? iia?noaai-?iiaiiee oeeee i?ice ?.O?aiea, — iia?noue “Aaeeeee
ooi” (1907) — nai?th ianiiae?aaiith i?ea?iaeuei?noth caeeaoaaa
no/aniee?a aaoi?a ? aeeeeeaa oaea i?e ia?o?e ioae?eaoe?? a?eueoee
?aciiain o e?eoeoe?, i?ae “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”. Iniaeeai caoiieaiee
oe??th iia?noth A.Oioeaae/, yeee o “E?oa?aoo?ieo a?aae?iiyo” aeniei
ioe?iea ni?eeao iiey?i?noue ooaeiaei?o oaoi?e o i?ciueiai O?aiea,
cie?aia, oa, ui ?aae?no “ieoa neiaieaie”, noai?th? ia i?inoi oa?aeoa?e,
a “neiaiee oa?aeoa??a”. O aeena?oaoe?? aiae?co?oueny iie?neiaie?/ia
naiaioeea ia?aco “aaeeeiai ooio”, yeee aaoi? ocya ia o I.Iae?aniaa, ye
aaaeaee o?aieiciaaoe?, a c ia?iaeii? oe?a?inueei? aa?aee “Caeaiee ooi”.
A?ae ??aiy ne?oioeueiciiai, iaeaea iaoo?ae?noe/iiai cia?aaeaiiy aoaeoo
“aaeeeiai ooio” a i?e?iae? ye yaeua noeo?? ?.O?aiei ia?aoiaeeoue aei
ia?iuoaaiiy ui?aco aeueo neiaie?/ieo ??ai?a oeueiai ia?aco. Neiaie
iaaoaa? aio?iiieia?/iiai iaiiaiaiiy — oea ooi o ethaenueeeo aeooao, a
a?aeoae ? ooi ?noi???. Ca??iee ia?ac-neiaie eiie?aoeco?oueny a
?iaeea?aeoaeueieo ia?acao. Caaaeueia oa?iaioaoe?y iene? o naeyinueeeo
oaoao c “i?aene?ioaaoeie” a?eiaie (oe? oaoe ? iiiceoe??th aei
aoiaeth/iiai iii?ueoeueeiai iaeaoeo) iaeiiai?oee na?e ae?ac ciaoiaeeoue
a ia?ac?-ia?niiaae? oeiiaiai na?aeiiiai naeyieia, ua ia?a?inoa? th?ao.
Einoue Aeoi’ye ?ai?acaioo? niaith “caa’ycie n?euenueei? ?ioae?aaioe??”,
ui “caa?aaea aeoieaie a aoaeo/a”, i?aei?iaeany o aeu? noa?e aeooiaiino?.
A?i ooea? “niin?a ae?yeueiino?”, “iiaee niin?a aeoiaiiy”, caeeeea? naeyi
“naiei aeoiaoe i?i naaa”. Aeoi’ye noa? iaia/a iia?aoeiii ?aoaeiae/a c
“Ia?ao?anieo noaaeie”. ?.O?aiei oaae ye “iaaee?eiaiee iioei?no” a??eoue
o caei?ia? cieioiaeaei? ieanoe i?e?iaee ? naeyinoaa, e ?ioae?aaioe??.
Inieneaiiy ieioeiai (iaiueciyi? e iinoiaiueciyi? /ane) c iiaeyaeo
no/aniino? e i?iaeoe?y a iaeaooi? ia?iaeo iaaoaa? ia?en?a
?noi??inionueeiai neioaco.

E??i ioiai ?noi??inionueeiai neiaie?cio, iia?noue “Aaeeeee ooi”
“iice/a?” a iiaea?i?cio nth??aae?noe/i? ia?ace — iioi?ioiiai iaeeiieiai
/a?aiii-e?eaaaiai iea, yea ae?eia? c ii?ieo e iia?eueoo?oueny, a?aoo?
noa? ieii eiiae-aeaiii?a, ui oyaiooue ea?aoo, a ye?e ?aea /i?ia nia?oue.
Aeyaey?oueny, ui oea aeoa?? i?aena?aeiiino? iaia Noaioe, oea eiai
aaethoeeiaoe??. Aaethoeeiaoe?ei? oeia?e iaa?aeoaaeeny aaea e aei oai?iai
aaoi?a, aea oiioeaiaai?noue oa ooieoe?iiaeuei?noue ?o o iia?no? eia?/ia
e i?i/eoo?oueny ye i?eeiie iiaea?i?noe/ii? iiaoeee. Iien n?euenueeiai
aan?eey, aeieeaaeiee ?, caeaaaeiny a, aeeiiaiee o noa??e aoiia?ao?/i?e
iaia??, oaeiae iaaoaa? neiaie?/iiai cia/aiiy ye eiio?ano aanaeiu?a
n?euenueei? oaoe aei i?e?a/aiiai ia nia?oue iaeaoeo. ?aeiaiiy iaeaoeo c
oaoith o o?iae? iia?no? iiaeia caaaiooe eeoa e??cue i?ecio “aio?iiieia??
oaenoo”: oea ia?aiiaa aeia?a iaae ceii. ?c aocueeieeaniaeo
ia?enenonueeeo iiceoe?e oaea o?aeooaaiiy oeueiai iacaeaaeiiai aeoai?o
?.O?aiea aoei a iaiiaeeeaa.

?icae?e ??. Iiaae?noeea 1900-o ?ie?a.

2.1 Iaoaii?oica “a?aeethaeueea”: iia?noue-iiaaea “Nie/eia e?eei”. Oaea a
?aoeaic?? A.E?ooaeueieoeueeiai ia ca??eo “Ia eii? i?e?iaee” (1905) ye
“iaea?eueo ?ioa?ania” iiia?aeaiiy a?aecia/aii “Nie/eia e?eei”, aea ia
iaeaeuee i’?aeanoae i?aei?n aaoi? ethaia, iao?ynoe ?? “?c caiieo ioo”. ?
ni?aaae?, i?iaeaiaoeea oe??? iia?no?-iiaaee ia? aecenoaioe?eiee
oa?aeoa?, ii?ooaii ooo iaai? iaeaae? aeey caaaiaiiy ieoaiiy ethaenueeiai
aoooy acaaae? a ?aeo?n? ethaenueeeo aca?iinoinoie?a ye “neiiie?eiaaiiai
ia?aeaeia?aia nee”. O nai?o “caieneao” “a?aeethaeueei”-?ioaeaeooae
ciaeueiao? na?o naiai a?ae/oaeaiiy a?ae ethaeae, caai?ieii a?ae yeeo ?
ooo/i?, oi/a ienoaoeuee? aeoai?e eoeueoo?e. Iii?ae oethaeaieie aaoi?aie
o eiioi?oaaaeueiiio ?ioa?’??? “a?aeethaeueea” — oiie Aaoa, Aia?niia,
?ane?ia ?, ui oa?aeoa?ii, aeo?iaeueia noaooy Oaeueaea i?i ?nona O?enoa.
O /an iaienaiiy “Nie/eiiai e?eea” ?.O?aiei inoaoi/ii noaa?aeea
oi?aa?naeueio nooi?noue O?enoiai? iaoee. ?ethci?iee na?o “a?oenoa
aeeooy” aa?i?a? oai?o (aene?a Ai?eo?a “Ioae?ee ? a?oeno aeeooy”, oiaoi
na?o, c yeiai ae?i?iiaaii no?aaeaeaiiy — aoa?aen?y) Oii?-Iann?ii
noai?eoe ia aaea?oueny. C iiaeyaeo “aio?iiieia?? oaenoo” “Nie/eia e?eei”
i?i/eoo?oueny ye ia?aaeeaia aoa/? — iiai?ioo: aoa/? Iaithn? a?ae naaa,
a?ae naiai ni?aaaeiueiai eioaiiy, c oeoiai e?no o ae? aeeooy
cei/eiieoeueeiai na?oo, aoa/a Oiie-Iann?ii a?ae naaa ye a?iiaaenueeiai
ae?y/a o nio?noeeo “a?oenoa aeeooy”, a?ae/oaeaiiai a?ae aeeooy
ae?eniiai, a o o?iae? oai?o — iiaa?iaiiy aa?i?a aei nai?? ni?aaaeiuei?
nooiino?, aei ethaeae. I?ney aeeaieeo ? aie?nieo eaoaee?ci?a o
aca?iinoinoiee caeioaii? ia?e o/anieee “ia?aeaeia?aia nee” i?eoiaeyoue
aei aio?iiieia?/iiai neioaco — ii?aaoe iooa aecenoaioe?ae?nonueeeo ianie
e ?aaiooenue “aei iiaiai aeeooy o a???, iaae??, ethaia?”.

2.2 Na?o aeeoeie o iae?e i?ic? ii/aoeo XX no. Ia ??ai? oaenoo e
i?aeoaenoo aeeaeiiei aio?iiieia?/iei ci?noii a?aecia/athoueny aeoii/ai?
iiaae?noe/i? oai?e ?.O?aiea, o yeeo a?i “n?ooth neiaa” eiaeoue
aeaaiiieioe? ai?ciaee c aeeooy o oi?i? niiiei?a. Aaoi?, i?ioa, ia
aoaeoueny “o iiooeao ao?a/aiiai /ano”. Iaioa?iith “n?ooth neiaa” a?i “c
oai?yae aeeoy/i? aeoo?” aeeiaeth? aeeaieee aoe/iee nain. A
aaoia?ia?ao?/iiio iiia?aeaii? “O eoci?” (1902) iii?e ieanoe/io
oaoiieia?th eoaaiiy e aa?oo cae?ca, ui ia iicaaaeaia nai???aeii? iiac??,
cia?aaeaii na?o aeooiaiee Eiaaey (i?ioioeiii yeiai aoa aaoueei
ienueiaiieea eiaaeue ssoeue), yeee ?icaaaeo? o?einionueeee nain i?eo/.
A?i aoa o/eoaeai oaeeo aoe/ieo ii?i, ye ethaia aei ethaeae,
ooiaeaiaioaeueia noie?ii?noue o i?aoe?, a?aei?noue. Oeyo aei Aiaa —
/a?ac ethaeae. Oaeith ? o?einio?y Aaoueea e Aaoi?a. Iniaeeaa neiaie?/ia
iaaecaaaeaiiy o oeueiio oai?? aeeiio? ia?ac aiaith. Aiaiiue “e?e? a nia?
aaeeea oaiei, aaeeeo ?iao/o aia?a?th”. Oea oa aoiai?noe/ia oaiei, yea
aeiaoaaa c? naiai na?oey ienueiaiiee aeey ethaeae‚ ? oa aeooiaia
aia?a?y, ui noi?iaiaeaeoaaea oeoai?/ia a i?aoe? aeeooy Aaoi?a.

“Aaeeeo ?iao/o aia?a?th” ye aia?aaoeeo ethaenueei? aeooiaiino? a ia?ac?
aeiyoeiai iaaea?iaaii? ? a?aceeai? aeeoeie c aoeiith oaioac??th iieacaa
?.O?aiei o iiaae? “I?ae iai?iaii”, yea iaeaaeeoue aei aa?oeiieo
caeiaooe?a aaoi?a “Ia?ao?anieo noaaeie”, “Nie/eiiai e?eea”, iiaie
“Iienae” ? ca??ee “Semper tiro”. Aeena?oaio iaiaaeo?oueny eeoa
/anoeiaeie niinoa?aaeaiiyie iaae aio?iiieia?/iei iaiiaiaiiyi oeueiai
oai?o, ine?eueee a?i oaea aoa i?aaeiaoii aeaoaeueii? ?ioa?i?aoaoe?? o
nooae?? I.Eooei?. “I?ae iai?iaii” ia? aaaii? i?eeiaoe ooaeiaeiueiai
neioaco, caaa?ooth/e O?aieiaee “aeeoy/ee oeeee”. Aa?ie iiaaee, eio?ee
neeaie nai?? aeooiaiino? ia?aiaaa? noeo?th — ao?th‚ — oea iaeee Ie?ii ia
iiaiio aeoeo ienoaoeueeiai na?oo ?.O?aiea. Aaoia?ia?ao?ci ooo ia
no?eueee ciai?oi?e (aaciaaia “ia aaoiin??” cia?aaeaiiy aeiae?eey aa?iy),
ye aioo??oi?e — oea “?iai/a aeooa” aaoi?a a eiai aeeoeinoa?, oa aeooa,
i?i yeo iaoe oeii/eea aeoia?, ui o i?e “yeanue i?aaaea, oa?iia, aeua,
iaaeinooiia ?e”. “A ye?inue i?eiaaeeo aecaeueoaoe??, ?noa???,
aiaeaa?eey”, iia?e?caoe??th on?o nai?o aeooiaieo nee aeeoeia ia?aiaaa?
“?o?iio iaoa??th”, aeoai?ai? aoeiith oaioac??th oeia?e — aaeaoi?a,
a?aaeiiinio oia?o. No?ao ia?aiiaeaii ni?oii, ethaenuee? ieae a?yoiaaii
a?ae a?aaeo. Iiaaea ? ua iaeiei na?ae/aiiyi oiai, iane?eueee aaoi?
“Iienay” a??ea “a neeo aeooa”, ii-aeueo?o?noe/iiio ni?yiiaaiiai.

3a/a?iiooee c ?aaiaae?y a?ae Eoee ia?ac a??/e/iiai ca?ia‚ yea i?i?inoa?
o iaioa?iiio iiia?aeaii? “A??/e/ia ca?ii” ?.O?aiei o?ainoi?io? o
neiaie?/ia i?i?inoaiiy aeooiaiiai ia/aea a ethaeei?. ?noi?e/io iiae?th o
ca??oe? “C ao?oeeaeo e?o” ienueiaiiee “iethaeith?” — aiia neoaeeoue
iaeei a?eiioeai, /a?ac yea aeaeii aaeeea: ethaenueeo aeooo a ?? ii?eaao,
i?eno?anoyo, ciaaaiiyo, o??oioao ? oiaaeeao, oiaoi a on?e
ia?aaeienaeueiino? ethaenueeiai aoooy.

2.3. O?einio?y iaoe?iiaeueiiai aoooy (“Oiaeueieoeueeee ? ai?iaeaeo”,
“Aoaeyee”, “Aaouee?aueia”). Iiaaea-eacea “Oiaeueieoeueeee ? ai?iaeaeo”
i?aenoiiao? oaio “oiaeueie//eie” o niaaeuei? ?.O?aiea-oieueeei?enoa,
?noi?eea, ienueiaiieea, ? aiaeii/an ? iii?oiith a?oith o ?icai? eiai
aea?aeaaieoeueei-niai?iiai ieneaiiy. A iniia? oai?o eaaeeoue i?eo/a i?i
ia?aoai?aiiy ?eae a aaaetheo, ine?eueee aieiao ?eae ia niaeaii o aiai?.
O i?iaeoe?? ia iacaaa?oai?noue “ae?ea” Aiaaeaia Oiaeueieoeueeiai aaoi?
aeneiaeth? i?eoiaaia oaa?aeaeaiiy, ui ianoa? ii?a, eiee aieiao aaaethee
?noi??y aeeeia o aiaiiue. A ?noi?eei-aio?iiieia?/iiio nain? “ae?ei”
Oiaeueieoeueeiai ua ia aoei aei e?ioey /enoei.

Neiaie?/ia naiaioeea ia?aco aoaeye?a a iaeiieiaiiiio oai?? c’yniao?oueny
a ?aea? ia /aeaoe, iiee aoaeyee cieeiooue nai?, a ?iaeoe ana, ui iiaeia,
aae onoiooe i?e/eie “aieeecie ? canoith”. “?aeo ? ?iaeoeio, ui ciiaeo!”-
oaeee oa?aeoa?iee e?ioeaaee aei?ae oe??? ia?aaiee.

?aoeaicaio ca??ee “Aaouee?aueia” TH.Ei?o a?aecia/ea, ui ai?uai? o i?e
oai?e cono??iooue “?aaeee i?ea?o” i?eoeeueiee?a “iia?oiueiai iiaea?iiai
iai?yieo” ? “oaa?aciai iiceoea?cio”. Ia?oeo caoe?eaaeoue oeia?i?noue
cia?aaeaieo iiae?e, cie?aia, o oai?? “Aaouee?aueia”, a ae?oaeo —
ieanoeea ciaethaaiiy ia?ac?a-ia?niiaae?a. O “Aaouee?auei?” ?.O?aiei
iieacaa iaeei c aecenoaioe?eieo ia?aaeien?a, ?iciaaeoaaaoe ?noeiia
aeeooy ethaeeie a?ae oiai, yeei oea aeeooy i?eeiathoue ?io?. Aa?i? oai?o
i?e an?e nai?e caaaaeeiaino? ia iinyoue ianie. Iniaeeaith aeeaeii?noth
a?aecia/a?oueny oa?aeoa? Iiaiana Ii?eiooe. Caaeey oaoaeueii? ae?iee
thiae i?iaeaa naith aaouee?aueio — niaaeie ii aaoueeao, uia caiaeii
i?eaeaaoe aaouee?aueio aaaaooo e ua nayo?oo — “ii?aeueio noanoaioe?th”
(I.Eaaeee) — caeaoi?noue a??ii e aea?oiaii ethaeoe, a oaeiae ciaoiaeeoe
aeooaaia caaeiaieaiiy o ei?eni?e i?aoe? aeey ia?iaeo. Oea i?ea?iaeueia
iiaeeo?eaoe?y aio?iiieia?cio “Nie/eiiai e?eea”.

2.4. I?iaeaia aeia?a ? cea a aooeoeuenueeiio oeeee? (“sse TH?a Oeeiaithe
a??a *a?aiio”, “Oa?ai o iic?”). I?ci?e aeoa?? oyae e ?ioaeaeoo ?.O?aiea
— iiia?aeaiiy-iia?noea “sse TH?a Oeeiaithe a??a *a?aiio” — oa?? c
iiaea?eiith iioeeith. Iaae i?ecaieaiei iiaooii aooeoea i?aeiineoueny
na?o ???aaeueiee. Oae? “aa?i?”, ye A?eee aeaiii ? *i?iee aeaiii
aeoathoue ia eeoa o noa?? neioaco, aaaeo/e ae?aeaeoe/io aeeneon?th i?i
aca?iiia?ao?ae aeia?a ? cea, aea e “i?enoaaeai?” aei caiii? ethaeeie,
ao?o/athoueny o ?? ae??, cie?aia, eiee aiia iieiy?oueny o iaaeia?e
neooaoe?? — ia?aae oaeanoaii. sse aeniiaie c ia?eiao?e iacae/aeiiai
nthaeaoo ? aaoi?nueea eiinoaoaoe?y, ui “o i?aioae??e aeiiii?? Oai?oey”
iio??aia ia eeoa aeia?i, a e cei — iaae? eiai ieeii?, aca?iiia?aoiaee
iiaeeea?. ?ioaa?ae aaceiia/ii aeeoa?aioe?eiaaiiai aeeoo?aiai ?ic?aooieo
iai ia a?aeiiee, ai eia?ea Anaaeoiueiai — oea iaae?noeia. I?ee?ioeaaa
o?aca aiaaea aeia?a, eeiooa aeaiiiia? cea, — “Iiai?aiinue!” —
a?aeia?aaea? oa?aeoa?i? i?eeiaoe aecenoaino. Aaoi? noaa?aeaeo? ia
oaono?anueeo ?aeath aaniethoo, a ?aaiaaeuenueeo ?aeath Ainiiaea,
Iaioie?aoa.

A??o a ia?aiiao aeia?a iaae ceii o neeaaeiiio aeeoo?aiio aaeain?
aeneiaea ?.O?aiei o ia?aaie?/iiio oaae “aooeoeuenueeiio” iiia?aeaii?
“Oa?ai o iic?”. Iniaeeai ?ioaineo?eiaaiee aioi?iiieia?/iei iaiiaaiiyi
ooo ia?ac oa?io: aaeoee o iiao aeeoeie, a?i ?yoo? ?? a?ae caaeaae? o
oaeeyo *a?aiioa, a a?aeoae oaae aaeoee o noie?iiy c??ei? ethaeeie,
iaa??aa? ?? a?ae aacaeooiaiino?. O a??oia?e aa?n?? iioeao “oa?ai o iic?”
?.O?aiei aeaiaeeoue ia?ac nayuaieea-ieneeoaey e aeeaieiai o?einioa,
ni?iiiaeiiai inienethaaoe i?iaeaie aecenoaioe?eiiai oa?aeoa?o.

I?ica ?.O?aiea ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy ??ciiiai?oia ca aeai?iaeie oa
noeeueiaeie a?aeo?ieaie — oi ai?/ii-?iceiaa, oi ae?aiaoe/ii-iai?oaeaia
/e e??eciaaia, /anoi ia?aaie?/ia, oa?aeoa?eco?oueny iiaeeaeaiiyi
iaaeeoaoeaiiai ia/aea. Aiia ii-nai?io ?icaeoio? iaae iinoaaeaiei o
“Iiena?” ieoaiiyi: “Ooi aai aeooa iaei?ieoue?”

?icae?e ???. Caaa?oaiiy iiaoe/iiai neioaco (iaoe?iiaeueia oa
o?enoeyinueea ?aeay)

3.1 “Semper tiro”. Iiaia “Iienae”: ?noi??inionueea oa o?enoeyinueea
?aeay. C aiooc?aciii ni?eeiyoa no/anieeaie ?.O?aiea eiai iiaoe/ia ca??ea
“Semper tiro”. Ca ?aaeyinueeiai ?aaeeio aiia aoea iaia/a caaiaia o o?iue
“?aaiethoe?eii?” “C aa?oei ? iecei” oa iaeo?aeueii? a iaoe?iiaeueiiio
aniaeo? “C?a’yea eenoy”. O iao /an “Semper tiro” ieneeoueny ye
iaeaeineiiae?oa o aei?iaeo iiaoa ii?aeiaiiyi ?noi??inionueeeo oa
ii?aeueii-o?enoeyinueeeo i?iaeai c a??ooici?noth ienoaoeueei? oi?ie.
Iacaeeaei?noue oai?/iai “?aianea”, /aniaa eiai o?eae?noue ? a?/ia
iiooeia?noue iiaoa — oe? ?aea? ao?eai? a ienthii?iiii-aia?aaeaioi?
ia?ace oeio neueice — aeiac, e?ia — o?oae. Iaei?ea?iaeuei?oa ii?aeiai?
?noi??inio?nuee? iioeae c aoeei-aio?iiieia?/ieie o oeeee? “Ia noa??
oaie”. Iaiae??aee o aeaai?, o?aa?/i? e aa?i?/i? iiiaioe oe?a?inueei?
?noi??? e iaeii/anii “a oa?ii? aeeaeie na?aea/i?” ? o?ieaie aeey
no/anieea e iaoe??, yeei iio??ai? iei? “/aoe Iiiiiaoa”. Ia iieia? iiao ?
aaiaaieo ?en iaoi? iaoe?iiaeueii? iaioaeueiino? — eiiieaeno ?aanoaa,
cae/ee “ani?oaoeny aei oeo, ui eaoothoue iao ??ae”. Oa iaea?eueo
o?einionueeei ? oeeee “?c eieae Eaaao”, ui ooaa?aeaeo? ?aeath
o?enoeyinueei? ethaia? — anaethaenueei? ceaaiaee, aeooaaiiai ie?o. A
ie?aieo a??oao oeueiai oeeeeo aeneiaeaii iniaeno? ii/oooy aaoi?a, eiai
i?aeii-?ioeii? iano?i?. Aeooa iiaoa iiaeiia aooe “a ianea?aae? aeeooy”,
“ia oi?aeeu? oeei?ci?a” niiaiaia “/enoioe ? eanee”, iiao ia? noaoe ia
noaeaeath ethaeyi, a ae?oaii, aeca?eaeii oa iaiiaith. Canaaee
?aaiaaeuenueei? ethaia? ia aaaeooue o noa?o aano?aeoe?e, ia
ca?eueiythoue iiaoa a?ae a?iiaaeyinueei? iiaeiiino? — “ia?iae aanoe”.
Nai???aeiee “iaeac” ae?ioe? — “n?e ?aaeiu?!” Ethaeeia ia caeeiooa a
aano?aeiee na?o. C iaoeith O?enoa, c o?einio??th na?oey, c
ei?aeioeaio?e/iei na?oini?eeiaiiyi ? na?oi?icoi?iiyi aiia caeiaoaa?
/?oe? iioieia?/i? i???ioe?e.

Nooi?noue iiaeeaeaii? i?iaeaie “oe?eiai /ieia?ea” o iiai? “Iienae”
iieyaa? o iiaeieaii? oaeeo aecenoaioe?eieo noai?a ye noii?a ? a?ae/ae.
Nai?i “I?ieiaii” — ea?ioanaioe??th iiaiii? ?noi??inionueei? eiioeaioe??
— ?.O?aiei oaae noaa?aeaeo? iaeio c i?iaeoeoeaieo aecenoaioe?eieo
eaoaai??e, oo, ui ?? noi?ioethaaa Oa?ooe?ai ua o II no.: “Credo quia
absurdum”. Aeeaeiiee iaoe?iiaeueiee nain ia? a?c?y aa?i?/iiai
ia?aoai?aiiy “e?ieaeo” o “ethae aa?i?a”. I?noe/ia i?aai?/ii ceeaa?oueny
c a?ae/oooyi ?iaiaioiino? ?noi?e/iiai i?ioeano, ?icoi?iiyi ?noi?e/iiai
eiaeo iaoe??, yea iaa?aeai?ioii eaea aei a?aeiiaeaiy aea?aeaaiino?.
?.O?aiei i?aeoiaeeoue ua aei iaei???, ia iii?/aii? aei e?ioey
aeine?aeieeaie‚ aecenoaioe?eii-?noi??inio?/ii? eaoaai??? — iaieio/ino?,
eiia/iino? aea?oa a ?noi??? iaoe??. I?noeea aea?oa ? eiiiiiaioii
?noi?e/iiai iioei?cio.

3.2. Iao??ioeci ? o?enoeyinueeee aoiai?ci ca??ee “Aeaai? ? iiaa”. Ca??eo
“Aeaaia ? iiaa” aaoi? ieneea ye aioeaeio aei oaei? aeooiaii? oai?iae, ye
ciaa??a, ? aaaeaa, aae c ia? iia?yei “caei?iaei a?o?ii iaoe?iiaeueii?
na?aeiiino?”. C iiaeyaeo iaoe?iiaeueii? ?aea? aiia oe?eaai
i?iaiae?ciaaia inoaii?i /anii o noaooyo I.Iao?aoa oa A.Neioey. Ia?aae
aeooiaiei ci?ii aaoi?a o eiai a?aeiiaeaieo non?aenoaii c iiaeie noa?eo
iiac?yo— ?aei?noue /an?a, oyae?noue iaoe?iiaeueii-?noi?e/iiai aoooy. O
ethaeei? iiao aa/eoue ia eeoa cei, eoeaa?noue, oia?o?noue, ceiao,
ianeo?noue, a uinue aaaii?oa: “Iaia /ieia?ea, a eio?iai ia aoei a
aeia?a”. Noai?aia ia ia?ac ? iiaeiao Aiaeo, ethaeeia naia ioneoue
a?ae/ooe naith iioieia?/io a?aeiia?aeaeuei?noue ca naaa, ci?ithaaoe
“aeeooy iaeaeeao?? iniiae”. Ioae?? ii?aeueii-aoe/i? iaeneie aeneiaea
?.O?aiei o iecoe? ai?uaieo o ca??oe? i?eo/.

O ca??oe? “Aeaai? ? iiaa” aaoi? ia?aae?oeoaaa iaienaiiai ia ii/aoeo 80-o
??. a??oa “Ia ii?a, ia ii?a”, ui noaa iaeiei c iaoeo iaoe?iiaeueieo
a?ii?a. C aaoi?nueeeie ci?iaie oeae a?ii oi?uaiee o “ni?aaieeo” “A??o?
ia a?iiaaenuee? oaie” (1913), aea c?a?aii iaeaea an? O?aieia? iiac??, ui
iathoue iaoe?iiaeueii-aea?aeaaieoeueea ni?yioaaiiy. C? nai?i anooiiei
neiaii oeth ca??eo, ?ai?oa caai?iiaio, iiaeaee oioioei?/iei niiniaii
?.Aeaienthe oa A.Ei?i?e/oe ia noi??ieao “Oe?a?inueeiai
e?oa?aoo?iciaanoaa”. ?? oai?e i?iaiae?coaaa O.Iia?aaaiiee.

3.3. Iiaa?oath/enue aei ii/aoe?a oai?/ino?: ca??ea “?c e?o ii??
iieiaeino?”. Oey iaeeiaaeoeyoa e inoaiiy ca??ea iiaoa (1914), neeaaeaia
c aeaai?o eiai a??o?a, ? aeaiiino?aoe??th oiai, ye ?aii?e O?aiei
aeayeeie oaiaie, iioeaaie, ia?acaie, a?ae yeeo iio?i ia iaaiee /an
a?ae?eoia, ia?aaoeo?oueny c eiiieaenii caoe?eaaeaiue iiaoa “cai?oiiai” ?
“i?enia?eiaiai”, cie?aia, iioeaaie o?enoeyinueeeie oa ?noi??inionueeeie
— iaoe?iiaeueii-aea?aeaaieoeueeeie. Caeaaaeiny a, ui aeaye? ?aii?
iiac??, a yeeo aaoi? aenooia? o aeai?? iieeoae, ? eiio?iioaoe??th c
aeaui i?ci?oeie, ui iaienai? ia ci?? nioe?ae?noe/ii? i?iiaaaiaee
(“Oiaa?eoai ?c oth?ie”). Oea iiaeia iiynithaaoe aenooiii thiaea i?ioe
iii?anueei? i?ei?oea?caoe?? e aoeueaa?ecaoe?? ?aea? Aiaa, eiioeaioe?th
yeiai iaa ?.O?aiei naith, iaaaaaoi oe?oo, oa e caaaeii, ia aeoieo
ieo?iiieeoa A.Oaioeoeueeiai, oae caaiee aoa?ci aaeeeiai iaoe?iiaeueiiai
ienueiaiieea aoa iiaa?oiaee ? caeia? iaei i?noey o eiai niaaeuei?.
Oa?aeoa?ia cae?i/aiiy o?aie?anueeiai a??oa “Aiaeanueea a ethaenuee?i
aeon?”. Caa?oath/enue aei Aiaa, aaoi? i?aee?aneth?:

Aeoo iao ?c Oaiai aeooa ?iaeii

? a?/ii ca’ycaiee c Oiaith.

3.4. Iiac?y ai?iiiai eeoie?ooy. *anoeiai iioae?eiaaia e inieneaia
iiaoe/ia i?iaeoeoe?y “i?enia?eiaeo” ?ie?a o aeeoo? ?.O?aiea ? ?ie?a
?in?enueei? ?iaac?? a Aaee/eio ? nai???aeiei ai?eiaii aei iiia?aaei?o
eiai ca??ie cai?oii? oace oai?/i? aaiethoe??, yeee cana?ae/o?, ui iii?e
ineaaeaiiy oaeaioo aeooiai?noue ienueiaiieea ia aoea nia?ae?ciaaia. A?i
i?iaeiaaeo? ?noi??inionueeo i?iaeaiaoeeo, oa?aeoa?io aeey iiia?aaeiueiai
ia??iaeo eiai oai?/ino?, a oaeiae aino?i ?aaao? ia iiae?? ai?iiiai /ano,
cie?aia canoaeaeo? ?in?enueeo aeniain?th a Aaee/eio.

O “Aeniiaeao” iiaeaii iniiai? ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy o oaeeo iieiaeaiiyo:

Aeine?aeaeaiiy o iaoiaeieia?/ieo ia?aiao?ao “aio?iiieia?? oaenoo”
cai?oii? oace o oai?/?e aaiethoe?? ?.O?aiea ye aoaio o?eueo?aoe??
iiia?aaei?o caeiaooe?a ienueiaiieea, ieneeoaey ? a?iiaaenueeiai ae?y/a
oa neioaco aoeei-aio?iiieia?/ieo oa ?noi??inionueeeo i?iaeai o
iiai/ani?e eiai i?ic? a aeon? OO no. aeaei ciiao iiaiai i?i/eoaiiy
aaeeeiai ienueiaiieea ? iaaiiai iaaeeaeaiiy aei caaaiaiiy oeueiai
oaiiiaia — ooaeiaeiueiai ? nioe?ieoeueoo?iiai.

Aoeei-aioiiieia?/ia oa ?noi??inionueea iaiiaiaiiy O?aieiai? oai?/ino?
ia??iaeo “Ia?ao?anieo noaaeie”, “Iienay”, “Semper tiro”, “Nie/eiiai
e?eea” — oaaeaa??a oe?a?inueei? e?oa?aoo?e — ? ?ioaineai?oei, ai? ae ia
iiia?aaei?o aoaiao iaaaaiiaieo iiooe?a oeueiai ienueiaiieea — “caaaeaee
o/iy”, caaaeaee iiaaoi?a. Aiii iiynith?oueny eiai na?oiaeyaeiei
neioacii.

Oaea no/anieee aaoi?a “Iienay” oa ?ioeo, nii??aeiaieo c oe??th
o?einionueeith iiaiith eiai oai??a c aea?aeaaioai?/ith ?aea?th, aaaaeaee
iaoe?iaeai?o?aii. C??eee O?aiei c aeuiai, e?eoe/iiai iiaeyaeo iii?oea,
yei? oeiaee caaaeaee iaia?aaa?ai? nioe?ae?noe/i? ?aea?, ui ooiaoaee
aeiaiaoe/ii ieney/o (/e iaieney/o) iieiaeue aei iaoe?iiaeueiiai
i?a?e?cio. Nioe?ae?ci naiiai O?aiea i?eiee ia aoa aaciaoe?iiaeueiei,
?aeath eeaniai? ai?ioueae a?i inieneea ye ?ae?a?th iaiaaeno? i?ae
ethaeueie, iaoe?iiaeueiiai ?ica?aoo. O nai? aiiaaei? 1900-o? ?iee
?.O?aiei — oea ieneeoaeue c aeaniith o?einionueeith oa anoaoe/iith
nenoaiith — oei neioacii, o yeiio aeii?iothoue aeaiie?aoeci ? ethaia aei
ethaeeie, iioaioaaiiy aei ethaenueei? iniaenoino? ? iaoe?iiaeueieo i?aa
eiaeiiai ia?iaeo ye noaa?aiieo oe?iiinoae. Ia a?aeeeaeath/e
iaoa??ae?noe/ieo iiaeyae?a ia i?e?iaeo, a?i caeeoa?oueny ?aeaae?noii o
?icoi?ii? oiai, “ye iiiai aaaeeoue neiai”, oiaoi aa?aioii ethaenueeiai
iinooio aaaaea? aenieee ??aaiue aeooiaiino? iaeeieoe? e iaoe??.
Ia?aioe?ithth/e aeaye? iini?oi? nai? aeaeea?aoe?? ?c e?o
aeno?ai?nonueei? iieiaeino?, ia?aeiio?oueny, ui iiaee na?o ia iiaeia
aoaeoaaoe “aac a??e iniia”. O oeeee? “?c eieae Eaao” ca??ee “Semper
tiro” ?iie?oeeoii, a a aeayeeo oai?ao a?aee?eoi (“sse TH?a Oeeiaithe
a??a *a?aiio”) noaa?aeaeo? caaaeueiiethaenueeee nain o?enoeyinueei?
ii?ae? e iaae?noeio aaa/a? o Aiaia?.

Aeieaiiy aecenoaioe?eii? o?eaiae (E??ea?ai?), noii?ao, iioei?noe/ia
aeieaiiy iaiao?aeiino? aea?oa a ?i’y ?aeaaeo, aa/aiiy ethaeeie oa ??
nooiino? o na?oe? o?enoeyinueeeo iaeaeueo canaae, ia?aiiae aeia?a iaae
ceii, eaoaai?e/ia caia?a/aiiy iai?oaenueeiai iiaeyaeo ia aecenoain,
aenieee aoiai?noe/iee iaoin — nooi?ni? ao?eaooe O?aieiai? eiioeaioe??
aeooiaiino?. Aiie ao?eai? a aeea? iiaiie?iai? ia?ace ethaeae c
aeanoeaeie ?i aioo??oi?ie noia?a/iinoyie o eie?c?? iniaenoiai ?
a?iiaaenueeiai (?aoaeiae/, Iienae, Einoue Aeoi’ye). Aeey i?iaiaee?y iane
aaaeeeaa iayai?noue neee aie?, iaiao?aeii? aeey ia?aiiae iaae nai?th
?icaeai?i?noth. O?aieiaee aa?ie oeueiai oeio — oea neaioee-iiceoea?no,
ethaeeia eiie?aoii? eiino?oeoeaii? i?aoe?, ? aiaeii/an oaiaoee-?aeaae?no
o a??? a iioaioe?ae iniaenoino? e “??aeii? iaoe??”, ye ?aaai ?aoaeiae/
? o? ia?ace-ia?niiaae?, ye? iathoue o aeoo? naith iniaeeao
“aaouee?aueio” ye ii?aeueio noanoaioe?th.

A ia’?eo ooaeiaeiueiai ineoieia?/iiai aiae?co ?.O?aiei aeeth/a? ?
i?aena?aeii?noue, ?aeo/e iacono??/ ineoiaiae?cia?. A?i ia?ciaiee c
iaeiia?oeie caeiaooeaie ineoieia?? ye iaoee. Ineoiaiae?c noaa
i?ae??oioyi iiaea?i?noe/ii? e?oa?aoo?e. ?.O?aiei ?ioaa?o? a iiaea?i?ci
oaeiae /e oi aeecueeith aei aeaeaaeaionueei? aeo?aith nai??
i?aeii-aeeaeiii? e??eee, /e aiaeth? aei neiaie?cio iiaeaeoaee
???aoe?iiaeueiith neiaie?eith i?ice oa ia?acaie nth??aae?noe/ieo
a?c?e-aaethoeeiaoe?e (“Aaeeeee ooi”), a a?ia?aie?caoe??th i?eno?anoae ?
iacae/aei?noth ooaeiaeiuei? aeoe?? iaaeeaea?oueny aei iai?iiaioecio. Aea
i?e anueiio oeueiio caa??aa? ?aae?noe/io i?aaeiaoi?noue cia?aaeaiiy,
ieanoeeo aeaoae?.

Neie?aoeci O?aiea-oi?aa?naea i?iyaey?oueny o aeai?ia?e oneeaaeiaiino? oa
ci?noiaiio iie?oii?ci? eiai oai??a ii/aoeo OO no. oi a aeineiiae?e
caa?iii?ciaaiino? on?o aaaaoiiai?oieo ia?ai?a ooaeiaeiuei? no?oeoo?e
(“Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”, “I?ieia” aei iiaie “Iienae”), oi o iaaieni?e ??
aeecaa?iii?? (“Aaeeeee ooi”). Iineeth?oueny ia?aaie?/ia ia/aei o
O?aieia?e oai?/ino? oiai /ano ia eeoa o a??oiaaieo i?eo/ao c ?o
“e??e/iith o?einio??th” (N.Oaoianueeee), a e o i?iciaeo iia?noeao
aooeoeuenueeiai oeeeeo.

Ua iaeei aneiaeo neioaco iieyaa? a aaoi?nuee?e eiioeaioe?? “oyaeino?”,
yea i?i/eoo?oueny o iacaao ca??ie aai oeeeeo (“Aeaai? ? iiaa”, “?c e?o
ii?? iieiaeino?”, “Ia noa?? oaie”) ? ?aae?co?oueny o iane??ci?e aeey
ienueiaiieea ?noi??inionuee?e iaaeeoaoeaiino? e o oiio, ui i?e an?o
nai?o iiooeao aaoi? caeeoa?oueny “semper Franko”. Eieeoiy a?aao?ia cayaa
iieiaeiai ienueiaiieea, ui a?i ia aeoia? oai?eoe “iaenoa?aa?e?a”,
cai?ith?oueny aee?enoae?ciaaiith aaeeeei aeina?aeii ?iaioe oacith i?i
iacaeeaei?noue oai?/iai ?aianea e iaoaii?oicith Eaiaiy?a o a??ooiciiai
iaeno?a-thaae??a o oe?o? ienoaoeueei? oi?ie.

Aianie ?.O?aiea aenieiooaeiaei?ie oai??iiyie ii/aoeo OO no. a
oe?a?inueeee e?oa?aoo?iee i?ioean ia eeoa aaaiiee c iiaeyaeo eiai
caaaa/aiiy oa o??ciiiai?oiaiiy. I?io?aeooaaiiy cai?oii? noaae?? o
?icaeoeo aaoi?nueeeo iiooe?a ye oace i?aenoieiaiai neioaco aea? oyaeaiiy
i?i caa?iii?ciaai?noue ia oeueiio iiaiio aoai? “aeaai?o” noia?a/iinoae ?
a na?oiaeyaei?e oa anoaoe/i?e ieaooi?iao aaoi?a. Iaeiae ?.O?aiei ia
?iaea inoaoi/iiai aaeaino nai?? ienueiaiieoeueei? ae?yeueiino? ia c?acie
??/iiai ca?oo. Eiai anoaoe/ia nenoaia aoea a?aee?eoith aeey ?iaaeyoe??
iiaeie “iiaeoaaie” o?einionueeeie, iie?oe/ieie, ienoaoeueeeie. Oea
noi?iiaaia, aec??ea e ?iaeth/a e?iia aea?aaa, yea, caa??aath/e iniiai?
a?eee, aeionea? iia? iaaiie, iiao ii?ineue ye aa?aio aeeao/ino? /a?ac
iiiaeaiiy.

Aeine?aeaeaiiy niaoeeo?ee aoiaeaeaiiy ?.O?aiea o a?e OO-e i?aeaiaeeoue
aei aeoiee a?aeeeiooe aeiaio, yea “ini?ao?” ai?ioueao iai?yi?a o
e?oa?aoo?? ye aino?o, caiaeeo, iai?eie?aiio, a?aoo?-?aoo eeaniao, a ia
ye ciaaaiiy-ni?ai?aoeth iiiaethth/eo oaiaeaioe?e c? noa?eie. Iiaeia
aiai?eoe i?i ?iaiaioiee caeii o oai?/ino? — i?i iino?eia ciaaaiiy ieooey
aei ??ciiiai?oiino?, aei iaeiiai?oiai aeyao nai?? ?iaeea?aeoaeueiino? o
iaaeao iaaii? aaia?aoe??, ui eaea ca aeooii /ano. I/aaeaeii, ie?aeieie
aoaeooue caeiaooee aaoi?a, ye? ei?eaothoueny ana-oaee eiai ?icoi?iiyi
?noi?e/ii? ia?niaeoeae e aeieeaathoue ?c caiio?aaoaaiue iaoe??, ui aei
ia? i?eiaeaaeiee ienueiaiiee. Oaeei ienueiaiieeii aoa ?aai O?aiei.

Iniiai? iieiaeaiiy aeena?oaoe?? aeeeaaeaii a oaeeo ioae?eaoe?yo:

1. Aoiye I. ?iiai ?aaia O?aiea “Ia?ao?ani? noaaeee”: na?oiaeyaeiee ?
aio?iiieia?/iee aniaeo (Ia aeiiiiiao a/eoaeaa?). — Ae?iaiae/: Aeaeaaie/a
o??ia “A?ae?iaeaeaiiy”, 1998. — 119 n.

?aoeaic?y: Noaoaeueia A. Aaeaea ia?ao?anoy. – Aeca?i. — 1998. — ? 8 — 9.

2. Aoca? C.I., Aoiye I.O. E?oa?aoo?ia e?a?ciaanoai ye can?a aeoea?caoe??
iaa/aeueii-aeoiaiiai i?ioeano: Iaoa??aee aei aea/aiiy oaie “?aai O?aiei
a oeie?”). — Euea?anueeee iaeaniee ?inoeooo oaeineiiaeaiiy a/eoae?a,
Ae?iaiaeoeueeee aea?aeaaiee iaaeaaia?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. ?.ss.O?aiea,
A?aeae?e ia?iaeii? ina?oe Ae?iaiaeoeueiai i?nueeaeeiieiio. — Ae?iaiae/,
1998. — 24 n. (Aaoi?ia? aeena?oaoe?? iaeaaeeoue ?icae?e iin?aieea
“Iaao?ae/?, Ae?iaiae/ ? Ai?eneaa o oai?ao Aaeeeiai Eaiaiy?a”. — N.14 —
24.).

3. Aoiye I. Oa?ai o noie?ii? (iiia?aeaiiy ?.O?aiea “Oa?ai o iic?” oa
iaeiieiaiia iiaia) // Aoiai?ci ? ii?aeuei?noue: aecenoaioe?ei? aei??e /
?inoeooo o?einio?? IAI Oe?a?ie, Ae?iaiaeoeueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. ?.ss.O?aiea. — Euea?a: E?ae, 1997. — N. 244 —
247.

4. Aoiye I. Ioce/ia iiaaea ?aaia O?aiea “A?eueaaeuei Oaeeue” // Ethaeeia
? ienoaoeoai a aoiai?noe/ieo aei??ao / Ae?iaiaeoeueeee aea?aeaaiee
iaaeaaia?/iee ?inoeooo ?i. ?.ss.O?aiea. — Euea?a: E?ae, 1997. — Aei. IV.
— N. 203 — 206.

Aiioaoe?y

Aoiye I.O. Oai?/?noue ?aaia O?aiea ii/aoeo OO noie?ooy: (iniaeeaino?
aoeei-aio?iiieia?/iiai oa ?noi??inionueeiai neioaco). — ?oeiien.

Aeena?oaoe?y ia caeiaoooy iaoeiaiai nooiaiy eaiaeeaeaoa o?eieia?/ieo
iaoe ca niaoe?aeuei?noth 10.01.01. — oe?a?inueea e?oa?aoo?a.
Euea?anueeee aea?aeaaiee oi?aa?neoao ?i.?.O?aiea. — Euea?a, 1999.

Aeena?oaoe?y i?enay/aia aeine?aeaeaiith iiac?? ? i?ice ?.O?aiea 900-o
??. OO no. ye cai?oii? oace o oai?/?e aaiethoe?? ienueiaiieea. Oia?oa
eiai niaaeueia oeueiai ia??iaeo aiae?co?oueny o iaoiaeieia?/ieo
ia?aiao?ao “aio?iiieia?? oaenoo”, ui aeaei ciiao ii-iiaiio i?i/eoaoe
O?aiea, iieacaoe o eiai oi?ao niaoeeo?eo aa?iii?eiiai neioaco
aoeei-aio?iiieia?/ieo oa ?noi??inionueeeo i?iaeai ? ao?eaiiy ?o o
aenieiooaeiaeith oi?io, ne?enoae?ciaaio a aeon? iiaoeee aeaaaeoeyoiai
noi??//y, ia noeeo ?aae?cio ? iiaea?i?cio. ?acoeueoaoe aeena?oaoe?eiiai
aeine?aeaeaiiy cai?iiiiiaai? aeey aeei?enoaiiy o aeeeaaeaii? e?oa?aoo?e
iiiia?ao??th — iin?aieeii aeey a/eoae?a, a?ioo?ith oa noaooyie.

Eeth/ia? neiaa: aio?iiieia?y oaenoo, aeooiai?noue, aoeei-aio?iiieia?/iee
oa ?noi??inionueeee neioac, iaoe?iiaeueia ?aeay, o?enoeyinueea ii?aeue,
i?aena?aeii?noue, iiaea?i?ci.

Aiiioaoeey

Aoiye I.O. Oai?/anoai Eaaia O?aiei ia/aea OO aaea: (iniaaiiinoe
yoeei-aio?iiieiae/aneiai e enoi?einioneiai neioaca). — ?oeiienue.

Aeenna?oaoeey ia nieneaiea iao/iie noaiaie eaiaeeaeaoa oeeieiae/aneeo
iaoe ii niaoeeaeueiinoe 10.01.01. — oe?aeineay eeoa?aoo?a. Eueaianeee
ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao ei.E.O?aiei, —Eueaia‚ 1999.

Aeenna?oaoeeiiiiio enneaaeiaaieth iiaeaa?aaaony i?ica e iiycey E.O?aiei
1900-o a.a. eae caieoiay oaca a oai?/aneie yaiethoeee ienaoaey,
yaeythueany neioacii i?a?uaeoueo eneaiee aaoi?a, a aianoa n oai ianouea
/a?ou eeoa?aoo?u aeaaaeoeaoiai aaea.

Aia?aua inouanoaeyaony eioa?i?aoaoeey oai?/aneiai ianeaaeey E.O?aiei
aeaiiiai ia?eiaea a iaoiaeieiae/aneeo ia?aiao?ao “aio?iiieiaee oaenoa” —
iiaiai iai?aaeaiey a eeoa?aoo?iaaaeaiee, i?aauaathuaai ia noaaeee
noaiiaeaiey. A aeenna?oaoeee iaiauathony auneacuaaiey nia?aiaiiuo o/aiuo
ii yoiio aii?ino, eiioeaioeey noa?aiiao?e/aneiai i?i/oaiey i?iecaaaeaiey
E.O?aiei‚ aeecea e yoiio iaoiaeieiae/aneiio iiaeoiaeo, nouiinoue
eioi?iai caeeth/aaony a oneeaiiii aieiaiee enneaaeiaaoaey e aeooiaiie
noa?a oaenoa, au?aaeaiiie niioaaonoaothueie ooaeiaeanoaaiiuie
n?aaenoaaie.

A eiiieaen ninoaaiuo iiiyoey “aeooiaiinoue” aeenna?oaio aeeth/aao oaeaea
o?enoeaineoth ii?aeue e iaoeeiiaeueioth niciaoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea e
iieacuaaao, eaeia aaaeiia cia/aiea yoei a? ao?eaooai i?eaeaaae E.O?aiei
a aiaeece?oaiuo i?iecaaaeaieyo. Ananoi?iiiee aiaeec oeaio?aeueiiai
?iiaia E.O?aiei “Ia?ae?anoiua o?iiu” aeai a iioaeeeiaaiiie iiiia?aoee ia
yoii i?iecaaaeaiee. A nie?auaiiii aeaea iia aoiaeeo a ia?aue ?acaeae
?aaiou, a eioi?ii ?anniao?eaaaony iiaaoi?noai aieueoie i?icu ienaoaey. A
aeooa naiae eiioeaioeee “oeaeiai /aeiaaea” a ?iiaia “Ia?ae?anoiua o?iiu”
e a iiaanoe “Aaeeeee ooi” E.O?aiei nicaeaao oei iieiaeeoaeueiiai aa?iy,
iiaeieiathuaainy iaae iannie e iiaeieiathuaai e?anoueyinoai e iniciaieth
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ai?ueau ca naie yeiiiie/aneea e iaoeeiiaeueiua eioa?anu,
a oaeaea noiaaoaai iaea?aeaoue iiaaaeo “?acoia iaae ia?aaie” — iaeieaoue
eiiieaen ineoieiae/anie ?acaeaiaiiinoe iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaineie
iaycaiiinoueth e noaoai ee/iuie eioa?anaie ia iieueco ia?aie (?aoaeiae/)
eee aea aeinoe/ue aa?iiiee iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaineei e ee/iui (Aeoiye).
Iiaaoi?neeie ooaeiaeanoaaiiuie i?eaiaie aaoi?a, aeeceeie e
iiaea?ienoe/aneie iiyoeea, aue aai aiaeec noa?u iiaeniciaiey aa?iy,
nth??aaeenoe/aneay neiaieeea a aieueoie e iaeie i?ica. A aeai?ao yoie
iineaaeiae E.O?aiei noaaeo naiaai aa?iy a eieeeceth iaaeaeo ceii e
aeia?ii, n?aaieaay /aeiaa/aneea acaeiiioiioaiey ni “neiaeiaeoei
ia?aeeaeia?aiiii nee”.

Yoeei-aio?iiieiae/aneia e enoi?einioe/aneia ia/aei aua a aieueoae
noaiaie, /ai a i?ica, i?enoua iiycee E.O?aiei. Enoi?einioneiio neioaco
iinayuaiu iiyia “Iienae” e oeeee “Ia noa?ua oaiu” nai?ieea “Semper
tiro”, eioi?ua i?i/eouaathony ia oieueei eae aiaeec o?ieia enoi?ee, ii e
eae naiaia?aciay ooaeiaeanoaaiiay aecey aoaeouaai iaoeeiiaeueiiai
ainoaea?noaa, eaeaae eioi?iai aue aeey ienaoaey oiai a?aiaie “ca
i?aaeaeaie aiciiaeiinoe”, ii nouanoaiaae ia o?iaia i?aaeaeaeaiee e aa?u.
Aa?aioii aeinoeaeaiey yoiai eaeaaea e aiiaua i?ia?anna E.O?aiei iuneee
aunieee o?iaaiue aeooiaiinoe eiaeeaeaeoia e iaoeee. Oaeoaeaiiia
ooaeiaeanoaaiiia oieeiaaiea ii?aeueii-yoe/aneeo i?iaeai ienaoaeai
naiaeeony e eaeaa o?enoeaineie ethaae e /aeiaaeo. ?anniao?eaay
oai?/anoai E.O?aiei aeaiiiai a?aiaie eae neioaoe/aneoth
eaeaeii-ooaeiaeanoaaiioth nenoaio, aeenna?oaio oeacuaaao ia ioe?uoinoue
yoie nenoaiu aeey aeeyiee iiaiai aaea. Ia iniiaaiee aiaeeca aoiaeaeaiey
O?aiei-?aaeenoa a iiaea?ieci auneacuaaaony iuneue ia eioaa?aoeee, a ia
ai?ueaa‚ ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo iai?aaeaiee a eeoa?aoo?iii i?ioeanna.
I?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea ?acoeueoaoia aeenna?oaoeeiiiiai enneaaeiaaiey
oniao?eaaaony a iioaeeeiaaiiuo ii aeaiiie oaia iiniaee aeey
i?aiiaeaaaoaeae eeoa?aoo?u.

Eeth/aaua neiaa: aio?iiieiaey oaenoa, aeooiaiinoue,
yoeei-aio?iiieiae/aneee e enoi?e/aneee neioac, iaoeeiiaeueiay eaeay,
o?enoeaineay ii?aeue, iiaeniciaiea, iiaea?ieci.

Summary

Hunyak, M.F. Ivan Franko’s Works of the Beginning of the Twentieth
Century: Peculiarities of the Ethic-Antropological and Historiosofical
Synthesis. — Manuscript.

Dissertation for the Candidate’s Degree Specionality 10.01.01. —
Ukrainian Literature.– Ivan Franko State University of Lviv. Lviv.
1999.

The dissertation is devoted to Ivan Franko’s poetry and prose of the
1990s as the zenith phase in the writer’s creative work. For the first
time his legacy of the period is being analysed in the methodological
parameters of text antropology which has made it possible to read Franko
in a new way: to reveal in this work the peculiarity of the harmonious
synthesis of ethic-antropological and historiosophical problems and
their embodiment into a highly artistic form which crystallized in the
spirit of poetics of the twentieth century at the junction of realism
and modernism. Results of the dissertational study published in a
monography teachers manual, brochure and articles are recommended for
the use in teaching literature.

Key words: text antropology, spirituality, ethic antropological
synthesis, national idea, christian morality, subcouscionsness‚
modernism.

I?aei. aei ae?oeo 28.01.99. Oi?iao 60o90/16. Iai?? ae?oea?nueeee. Ae?oe
ionaoiee.

Oi.ae?oe.a?e. 1,05. Iae?e.-aeae.a?e. 1,0. Oe?aae 100 i?ei. Cai. 53.
Aaceiooiaii.

Aeaeaaie/a o??ia “A?ae?iaeaeaiiy”

293720, i.Ae?iaiae/ Euea?anueei? iae., aoe. O.Oaa/aiea,2

Oae.: (03244) 3-73-59

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